11. (10 points) Look at the piston, connecting rod and crankshaft carefully. In

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11. (10 points) Look at the piston, connecting rod and crankshaft carefully. In modern engines, piston is cooled by oil jet. Oil is initiated at the base of the cylinder and targets the underside of the piston. In this regard, it is important to have enough oil flow rate to strike the piston at all times. Consider an in-line 4 cylinder engine with crank radius 45 mm, connecting rod length 154 Where "s" is the distance between the crank axis and the piston pin axis and index " represent cylinder number Develop the piston displacement curve (as a function of crank angle), piston velocity, oil jet velocity, and oil jet velocity relative to piston velocity for 6000 engine rpm, all in one plot. Oil flow rate from a 2 mm diameter nozzle is "last two digits of your ID/20" liters/min. 12. (10 points) A four-stroke 3-liter V-6 spark ignition engine has a maximum power output of 100 kW at 5500 rpm, and a maximum torque of 236 Nm at 3000 rpm. The minimum bsfc is 0.090 kg/MJ at 3000 rpm, and the air flow rate is 0.068 m3/s. The compression ratio is 8.9:1, and the mechanical efficiency is 90%. The engine was tested under ambient conditions of 20°C (68F) and 1 bar. Take the calorific value of the fuel to be 44 MJlkg . Calculate the power output at 3000 rpm and the torque output at 5500 rpm. .Calculate for both speeds the bmep and the imep. .How does the arbitrary overall efficiency at 3000 rpm compare with the corresponding air standard Otto cycle efficiency? What is the volumetric efficiency and air-fuel ratio at 3000 rpm? , (10 points) An engine operating on the air standard cycle has a 15% clearance volume, a total displacement volume of 2.8 liters, and operates at 2500 rev/min. The heat added is 1400 kJ/kg. Determine the maximum temperature and pressure, the thermai efficiency, power and the available portion of the heat rejected. The inlet conditions are 27 oC and 100 kPa, and To-300 K. Use air tables. V2-V3=cVPD=0.00042 m3 V4=V1-VPDrV2-0.00322 m3 . Find T3, p3, for maximum T, p. Find state 1 to 4 to evaluate thermal efficiency and determine power and available energy. Process 1-2, isentropic, use pr and vr where applicable (10 points) Write 500 word summary of one of the following research articles (copies are attached) Hybrid Electric Vehicle Performance with Organic Rankine Cycle Waste Heat Recovery System by Amin Mahmoudzadeh Andwari, Apostolos Pesiridis, Apostolos Karvountzis- Kontakiotis and Vahid Esfahanian, Appl. Sci. 2017, 7, 437; doi:10.3390/app7050437 A field study of human factors and vehicle performance associated with PHEV adaptation by B.C. Farhar, D.Maksimovic, W.A.Tomac, and T.C.Coburn, Energy Policy 93 (2016) 265-277 a. b.

Explanation / Answer

14 a) HYBRID ELECTRIC VEHICLE PERFORMANCE WITH ORGANIC RANKINE CYCLE

The rankine cycle used here is organic and uses exhaust gases of the engine and uses them inturn to heat a fluid which is also organic. This fluid is then passed through devices to produce work and hence increase the performance of the vehicle. Therefore the waste is recovered and then reused which contributes to less emission to the atmosphere.
It uses three driving methods traction mode, braking mode , and coasting mode. The organic rankine cycle have devices in series closed in a loop and this allows energy recovery. This energy is then reused in the vehicle.The engine is validated by using a MATLAB code to produce Brake specific Fuel consumption.

During a study it was proved that this method can be used efficiently and offers significant benefits over other vehicles. This method has been chosen for further works to be done in the future.

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