www.wri.org World Resources Institute, environmental think-tank www.worldenergy.
ID: 1766685 • Letter: W
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www.wri.org World Resources Institute, environmental think-tank www.worldenergy.org World Energy Council, neutral overview of global energy scene (WEC) EXERCISES 1.1 Can global warming be combated by energy conservation alone? Assuming the volumes of the Greenland and Antarctic ice caps are 2.85 x 10° km and 257 × 10 km, respectively, the radius of the Earth is 6378 km, and 70% of the Earth's surface is covered by sea, estimate the rise in sea level if both ice caps were to melt completely s 1.2 1.3 Describe the development of the steam engine. .1.4 Estimate the atmospheric force exerted on von Guericke's hemispheres. Diameter 51 cm: 1.5 1.6 1.7 assume air pressure = 105 Nm-2 Is the quality of life of a society better or worse without electricity? Construct a model of an Archimedes' screw using scrap materials. Rewrite in modern terminology Carnot's statement: "The motive power of heat is inde. pendent of the agents employed to realize it; its quantity is fixed solely by the tempe tures of the bodies between which is effected, finally, the transfer of caloric. During the second phase of the Papin steam engine cycle the outer surface of the cylinder is cooled to condense the steam so that the piston returns to its original position. Using dimensional analysis, derive a relationship for the timescale for the inner surface of the cylinder to be significantly cooled, in terms of the thermal conductivity k, density p, spe- cific heat capacity c, and wall thickness d. Why is an engine of this design very inefficient? 1.8 The number of children under 15 was about 2 billion in 2012, and is expected to be the same in 2072. The global population was 7 billion in 2012. Estimate the global popula- tion in 2072. 1.9 Tab 1.10 What percentage of the land would be needed to provide 2 kgoe per capita from photo voltaics in (a) South America and (b) Italy? 1.11 Why are capacity factors for PV farms typically less than -0.3, even in very sunny regions? , 1.12 A region has a temperature variation that can be described by a Gaussian distribution with mean 25 °C and standard deviation 5 °C. The chance of the temperature being above 40.5 °C is 1 in 1000. Prolonged exposure to temperatures above 40 °C can be dangerous to health. If the mean temperature in this region rises by (a) 2 °C and (b) 4 and the standard deviation remains the same, calculate the chance that temperatures are above 40.5 °C. Discuss the relevance of your result to global warming. Soe 1.13 The global mean temperature rise is proportional to the cumulative CO, emissions with a rise of -0.5 °C per 1000 GtCO. Estimate what the temperature rise would be if we were to maintain our emissions at (a) the current level until 2100, or (b) decrease peri them steadily to zero by 2100. 1.14 How does improving the efficiency of conversion of a wind turbine or solar cell affect For (a) the capacity factor, (b) the power density, and (c) the levelized cost of energy?Explanation / Answer
1.1 No. Global warming cannot be combated by energy conservation alone. It needs a sustained effort by us humans as a whole to reduce fossile fuel burning and move towards renewables as much as possible. Everyone one of us should plant and nurture one tree an year nearby our living space. We know that trees give oxygen and cool shade from the hot sun, it's time that we stop cutting trees and look for alternatives.
Most importantly, we must stop using non-biodegradable plastic and espacially stop dumping such plastic waste into water bodies as they reduce the ability of oceans/rivers to dissolve carbon di oxide, a major green house gas.
Efficient effluent treatments in industries are a must and be strictly monitored by law enforcement agencies.
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