True or False. Explain your the reason for your answer for each statement. 1. In

Question

True or False. Explain your the reason for your answer for each statement.

1. In a mating between two rabbits, the female has long white fur and the male has short black fur. Forty-five percent of the offspring have long white fur, 45% have short black fur, 5% have long black fur, and 5% have short white fur. This result can be explained by independent assortment between two genes combined with the effects of homologous recombination.

2. A female mouse is heterozygous for the agouti gene, which results in a coat color of orange. She is mated to an agouti male. After being fed a diet high in onions and garlic, all of her offspring display the recessive solid brown fur color. Mutation of the agouti gene is the most likely explanation of this observed result.

3. If a cell experienced nutrient deficiency for phosphorus, the rate of mRNA production would be decreased.

4. The spliceosome is a eukaryotic protein and RNA complex in the nucleus that modifies mRNAs before they are exported to the cytosol.

5. Reactive oxygen species are produced in the cell as a consequence of metabolism, especially due to transfer of electrons from quinone to molecular oxygen in the electron transport chain. These ROS molecules are the primary cause of mutations in the mitochondrial genome.

6. Transposons comprise the majority of DNA in some eukaryotes’ genomes. The cells’ only defense against the activity of these transposons is to methylate their genes to prevent insertion of the transposons and introduction of frameshift mutations.

7. A eukaryotic promoter region in front of a gene is flipped in position due to a chromosomal transversion. However, the regulatory elements are still arranged normally relative to the transcriptional start site of the gene. The gene immediately next to the promoter would no longer be expressed.

8. Histone proteins are necessary for packaging of DNA into euchromatin and heterochromatin. Additional histone proteins are recruited to the chromosomes during cell division to facilitate the condensation of the sister chromatids.

9. Homologous recombination that occurs during Prophase I serves to scramble the alleles between chromosomes, but can also introduce new alleles into a chromosome.

10. Mitochondria and chloroplast DNA inheritance is independent of the nuclear chromosomes. To ensure that each daughter cell receives some of these DNA molecules, the microtubules also assist in segregating the mtDNA and cpDNA genomes into the daughter cells.

11. The maternal effect implies that the offspring’s genotype is not relevant in regard to the phenotype that it displays. This is because certain proteins from the mother are determining which biochemical reactions and genes are activated in the embryo.

12. Bacterial genomes have a single origin of replication to which DNA polymerase binds. Unique promoters at this site only recruit the DNA polymerase when the cell has sufficient resources.

Explanation / Answer

1. In a mating between two rabbits, the female has long white fur and the male has short black fur. Forty-five percent of the offspring have long white fur, 45% have short black fur, 5% have long black fur, and 5% have short white fur. This result can be explained by independent assortment between two genes combined with the effects of homologous recombination. -----> FALSE

If the genes follow independent assortment, 50% of the progeny will be recombinant. From the given data, we can observe that 90% of the progeny are similar to the parents. This is indicating that the genes are linked and not assorting independently.

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