4. which of the following is true about these exotoxin-caused diseases? a. dipht

Question

4. which of the following is true about these exotoxin-caused diseases?

a. diphtheria and botulism are infections, but tetanus is an intoxication

b. botulism and tetanus are infections, but diphtheria is an intoxication

c. diphtheria and tetanus are infections, but botulism is an intoxication

d. all 3 are infections

E. all 3 are intoxications

5. Which of the following is NOT true about bacterial toxins?

A. Exotoxins are released proteins, while endotoxins are part of G-LPS

B. Exotoxins are not pyrogenic, while endotoxins are

C. Exotoxins can stimulate a strong immune response, while endotoxins generally don’t

D. Exotoxins are rarely fatal, while endotoxins often are.

6. Which of the following is NOT an example of innate defenses?

A. antibodies

B. skin

C. lysozyme in tears

D. stomach acid

E. bacteriocins produced by gut microbiota

Please provide explanations.

Explanation / Answer

Please find the answers and explanations:

Part 4: Choice C (Diptheria and tetanus are bacterial infections by nature whereas botulism is caused by toxin secreted by Botulinum bacteria. It is thus intoxication in nature. The higher is the concentration of this toxin, the severe is the pathological condition.)

Part 5: Choice D (Exotoxins are proteins/factors released by bacteria which generate intense immune response in the host and are highly fatal in nature. On the other hand, endotoxin are membrane associated proteins/biomolecules which are often identified by host immune response and are not fatal in nature unless the pathogen acquires mechanism to evade host immune response.)

Part 5: Choice E (Most of the anatomical barriers produced by the body such as skin, lysozymes of tears, gastric acids and gut microflora represent innate or natural mode of immunity. On the other hand, antibody production remains a mode of humoral or acquired immunity where the antibody producing cells need to first encounter the antigen in first infection and produce antibodies in second infection)

Related Questions

Navigate

• Browse (All)
• Browse 4
• Subjects

Integrity-first tutoring: explanations and feedback only — we do not complete graded work. Learn more.