Antibiotics that affect various strains of Gram-positive bacteria and various st

Question

Antibiotics that affect various strains of Gram-positive bacteria and various strains of Gram-negative bacteria are called A. broad spectrum. B. stress-induced. C. narrow spectrum. D. second line antibiotics. Which of the following bacteria have an innate (natural) resistance to penicillin? A. Staphylococcus aureus B. Staphylococcus epidermidis C. Micrococcus luteus D. Mycoplasma pneumoniae Which of the following drugs are unable to target peptidoglycan synthesis? A. penicillin B. cephalosporin C. vancomycin D. bacitracin E. All of the choices target peptidoglycan. The major classe(s) of antibiotics that inhibit protein synthesis is/are A. aminoglycosides B. tetracyclines. C. macrolides. D. bacitracins. E. aminoglycosides, tetracyclines AND macrolides. Fluoroquinolones typically target A. ribosomes. B. penicillin-binding proteins. C. peptidoglycan. D. DNA gyrase. E. folic acid synthesis Sulfonamides are similar in structure to A. DNA gyrases. B. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS). C. P-Amino Benzoic Acid (PABA). D. Ribosomes. Mycolic acids are targeted by isoniazid in the treatment of A. Mycobacterium tuberculosis. B. S. epidermidis. C. M. luteus. D. Streptococcus pyogenes E. Staphylococcus aureus.

Explanation / Answer

15. Antibiotics are chemical substances used to treat many infectious diseases caused by bacteria. E.g. penicillin.

Antibiotics which affect a wide range of bacteria like Gram-positive as well as Gram- negative are known as broad-spectrum antibiotics.

So the correct option is (A). Broad spectrum.

16. Disease caused by Mycoplasma pneumoniae is pneumonia . As mycoplasmas lack cell wall and are inherently resistant to beta-lactam antibiotics like penicillin.

So the correct option is (D) Mycoplasma pneumonia.

17. Peptidoglycan acts as primary and outermost component of cell wall and provides important structural integrity to it. However, beta-lactam antibiotics like penicillin, cephalosporin, vancomycin, bacitracins etc inhibit the synthesis of peptidoglycan .

So the correct option is (E) All the choices target peptidoglycan..

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