Control of food intake and reproduction Select a homeostatic event and / or phys

Question

Control of food intake and reproduction Select a homeostatic event and / or physiological system involving food intake AND reproduction as your structure, in which you can show the importance of structure / function relationship, levels of organization, and feedback control. The four sub-questions to be used in answering most recitation questions are: a) Name the structure and the function on which your overall answer will be based? Be as specific as you can in delimiting the boundaries of your example (the most important part of your answer, since the following b, c, & d sub-questions are based on your answer to this first sub-question, a). Please notice that only 1 item is required (in your answer it should be labeled as “a”). This answer should look like: “a.- My structure (S) is …. and its function (F) is …”. In same cases a second sentence might be needed. b) Why do you think that your structure and your function are related? Support your contention based on 3 lines of evidence based on the chemistry, physics, anatomy, or physiology involved in your example. Please notice that 3 items are required (answers should be labeled as “b1, b2, and b3”). One of these answers might look like: “b1.- If I do this experiment and measure this variable using this technique, this result will suggest that my S/F is correct”. Please notice that MY question does not ask you to tell me what happens, since this can be copy from any source, but it asked how do you know that your S/F relationship is true. c) Which are the levels of organization involved in your example (c1)? Cite events occurring at its main level of organization (c2) and indicate how they relate to the whole body level (c3). Please notice that 3 items are required (thus, answers should be labeled as “c1, c2, and c3”). These answers should look as follows: “c1.- molecular” or any level of organization involved in your “a” answer (S/F); “c2.- the first event is …; the next even is …; the middle event is …; the next event is …; the last event is …”. Five events distributed equidistant from each other is a good summary for the story line of the S/F named in your “a” answer. Finally, “c3.- at a whole individual level my S/F described in “a” has this role”. d) Which are the main feedback mechanisms involved in your example (cite at least two) (d1)? Expand on one of them (d2) and name 2 absolute requirment for that feedback to work (d3). Please notice that 3 items are required (answers should be labeled as “d1, d2, and d3”). These answers should look as follows: “d1.- an increase in this negative feedback ligand must decrease this variable under control”. This is how you NAME a negative feedback. For d1 you need to name two negative feedbacks; “d2.- the first event is …; the next even is …; the middle event is …; the next event is …; the last event is …”. Five events distributed equidistant from each other is a good summary for the most important negative feedback story line, involved as a control of the your S/F named in your “a” answer, that you named in d1; “d3.- these two components are absolutely necessary for the negative feedback, described in d2, to be operational.

Explanation / Answer

a. My structure (S) is "Dairy food intake" and its function is "decrease in reproductive ability."

b.

b1. If we conduct a study on the amount of dairy food intake Vs estradiol present in serum of menstruating females, reduction is found in the hormone level; suggesting that dairy food has inhibitory effect on the reproductive hormones.

b2. If we conduct a study on progesterone levels Vs consumption of dairy foods in human females, then it is found that the structure and function is related. A positive relation is found. That means the progesterone levels rise by dairy food intake; which disallows ovulation.

b3. If we conduct a study on high fat dairy food consumption and serum LH levels; we find a positive relation. This further suggests a relation between 'S' and 'F'.

c. Levels of organization:

A study was performed on infertile women. Treatment of reproductive cycles of these females was done. All females taken were of same age.

High fat intake------> it was found that progesterone increase with fat intake--------> BMI increases ----------> this results in oocyte loss------> infertility

In results, total fat intake of females was adjusted according to age; to enhance reproducibility.

d.

d1. There is a positive feedback loop associated with fat intake and progesterone release. More is the fat intake, more will be hormone release. This results in lesser reproductive abilities.

d2. There is a negative feedback loop associated with fat intake and estradiol present in serum. More is the fat intake, less will be estradiol production; lesser will be fertility.

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