1. What is osmoregulation? 2. What are the three types of nitrogenous wastes? 3.

Question

1. What is osmoregulation?

2. What are the three types of nitrogenous wastes?

3. What types of animals produce each type?

4. What is the “benefit” of each type?

5. What are the functions of animal excretory systems in general?

6. How do animals without circulatory systems perform these functions?

7. Why is the annelid’s system considered more advanced?

8. What types of excretory systems are found in arthropods?

9. Describe the malpighian tubule system in insects.

10. How does the exoskeleton help insects in osmoregulation?

11. How do sharks and fish differ in their osmoregulation?

12. How is osmoregulation different in fresh water fishes than in marine fishes?

13. Why do birds and reptiles have salt glands, but mammals don’t?

14. What are some adaptations seen in desert rodents that enable them to live without ever drinking water?

15. What are the three main processes in urine formation?

16. How does counter current exchange in the two limbs of the Loop of Henle assist in urine formation?

17. How is the vasa recta another example of counter current exchange?

18. How is urine production regulated by the nervous and endocrine systems?

Explanation / Answer

1. Osmoregulation is the process of balancing of the osmotic pressure of the fluid. This is done to maintain the condition of homeostasis in the body by regulating the Concentration of water and salts in the body.

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