You are hiking in the mountains on a warm summer day. As you are walking up a st
ID: 179453 • Letter: Y
Question
You are hiking in the mountains on a warm summer day. As you are walking up a steep incline, your leg muscles are working pretty hard. They need to produce a lot more ATP than usual in order to propel you upward. Your breathing becomes deeper and more rapid as you work to bring in more air. You also notice that you are getting warm and starting to sweat. You have water with you and decide to stop for a water and snack break. Your snack consists of a power bar that contains a nice mix of carbs, proteins, and lipids. Just what your body needs? As you sit and replenish your energy and wafer, you marvel at the beauty of your surrounds and feel a sense of appreciation that your body is healthy and able to adjust its activities to meet your ongoing needs. Prior to taking a break, your body was losing water thru sweat. Describe how the kindeys would adjust their activities to reduce the loss of water thru urination, and reduce the potential for dehydration. Descfribe a regulartory mechanism that would explain how this adjestment would be made.Explanation / Answer
The basic question here is how do the kidneys adjust during dehydration or to prevent dehydration.
Regulation mechanism:
When the body is dehydrated, the blood volume decreases, blood osmolarity increases and blood pressure decreases.
The decreased blood pressure is sensed by baroreceptors and sends signal to hypothalamus.
The decreased blood volume results in decreased arterial stretch, that is sensed by atrrial stretch receptors and inturn sends the signal to hypothalamus.
Hyperosmolarity is sensed by hypothalamic receptors.
Hypothalamus stimulates posterior pituitary gland to release vasopressin (anti diuretic hormone or ADH). ADH acts on collecting ducts of kidney. ADH transports aquaporin channels onto the collecting ducts that allows reabsorption of water i.e, water from urine enters body. Therefore, as a result blood volume increases and osmolarity decreases. (whereas the urine becomes hyperosmolar i.e, with less water and more ions)
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