Factor A, B, or C can each individually cause a certain disease without the othe

Question

Factor A, B, or C can each individually cause a certain disease without the other two factors, but only when followed by exposure to either factor D of factor E. Exposure to factor D alone is not followed by the disease

Factor D is:

a.         A necessary and sufficient cause

b.         A necessary, but not sufficient, cause

c.          A sufficient, but not necessary, cause

d.         Neither necessary nor sufficient

e.         None of the above

Factor B is:

a.         A necessary and sufficient cause

b.         A necessary, but not sufficient, cause

c.          A sufficient, but not necessary, cause

d.         Neither necessary nor sufficient

e.         None of the above

Explanation / Answer

Factor D option d. It neither necessary nor sufficient as in first case i. it is not necessary to cause a disease , A B or C followed by either D or E can cause disease.

ii. it is not sufficient as either of A B or C is required to cause a disease.

Factoe B option b. It is a necessary cause as it can individually cause a disease followed by exposure to certain other factor , but it is not sufficient as it can cause the disease only when followed by an exposure to another factor.

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