V. A patient came into the office suffering from flu like symptoms, accompanied

Question

V. A patient came into the office suffering from flu like symptoms, accompanied by Fever, Abdominal pain, Back pain, Chills, Excessive sweating, Fatigue with joints pain. The fever has been an up and down fever. The patient said he had visited a farm a week ago and had drunk milk. He did not know if the milk or the yoghurt he had caused this. 3. Name another agent that also causes infection in pasteurized dairy products? What are the virulence factors for this pathogen? How would you treat it based on that? 4. What are the virulence factors for the pathogen? How would you treat it based on that? Why is it considered as a food borne illness yet there are no symptoms that indicating it is? 5. The patient does not have diarrhea, however how would the type of diarrhea assist in the identification of the disease a patient may have. Give at least 3 examples stating the agent its disease, type of diarrhea, virulence factors and treatment.

Explanation / Answer

3. Listeria monocytogene the causative agent of Listeria also causes infection in pasteuized dairy products.

4. Virulence factors of Listeria include listerial membrane surface protein ActA, required for locomotion; internalin helps in infection of cell and three virulence factors listeriolysin O, phospholipase A and phospholipase B allow the bacterium to escape phagocytosis. ListeriolysinO and phospholipase A also help it to proliferate.

The patient is given antibiotics penicilin ampicilin to treat the disease.

It is considered as food borne disease since the portal of entry is mouth and the pathogen is ingested along with the dairy product.

5.

A). Agent: Entamoeba histolytica

Types of diarrhea: Blood or pus in stools

Virulence factors: Gal-specific adhesin , cysteine proteinases

Treatment: Metronidazole, tinidazole and ornidazole

B). Agent: Bacillus cereus

Types of diarrhea: Watery

Virulence factors: hemolysin BL

Treatment: clindamycin, aminoglycosides, vancomycin, chloramphenicol, or erythromycin

C). Agent: E. coli O157:H7

Types of diarrhea: Bloody

Virulence factors: Shiga toxin

Treatment: Hydration, in the form of either oral or intravenous hydration

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