Why do you suppose that forensic DNA analysis relies principally on short tandem

Question

Why do you suppose that forensic DNA analysis relies principally on short tandem repeats (repeat polymorphisms), rather than single-nucleotide polymorphisms, such as that described in the figure?

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1. The number of patterns in the analysis of short tandem repeats may vary due to artifacts of the experiment, which may cause false negative results. 2. Short tandem repeats are not species-specific, and analysis can produce false-positive results in case of contamination by foreign DNA. 3. Analysis of short tandem repeats detects changes at multiple loci within a genome and, hence, allows far higher discrimination in comparing restriction patterns from two individuals. 4. Short tandem repeats are used in the analysis of the nuclear genome, while SNP can be used for analysis of total genetic information of the individual cell. 5. Depending on the population SNP can be frequently encountered, thus reduce the reliability in the comparison of two individuals. 6. A single-nucleotide polymorphism will usually yield just one change in a restriction pattern in comparing DNAs from two individuals. Indel Repeat polymorphism Common SNP hotspot G C G CT (G) C A G C G C G C G CT (G) C A G CT (G) C A G C A C T (G) A A A C T (G) A A A C A CT (G) A A A CT T (G) A A A C T (G) A A G GA CT G GAC T G AT C C ATTCATTC G AT CC ATTCATT C G AT C C ATTCATTC G AT CCATTCATT CCC T G ATTC CCCT G ATT C CCCT G ATT C C C CCTGATTC G AT CCATTCATTC G AT CCATTCATTC C CCT G ATTC CCCT G ATT C C CC T G ATTC C C C TGATTC G AT CCATTCATTC G AT C C ATTCATTC G ACT CCATTCATT G AT CC ATTCATT C T (G) C A TA (G) CTA T (G) C A T (G) C A T (G) C Each colored box represents a haplotype, a set of single-nucleotide polymorphisms that are associated statistically T (G) A A G GA C G GA C G G A ) G ATTC DNA sequence variation in the human genome.

Explanation / Answer

Forensic DNA analysis relies principally on short tandem repeats rather than single nucleotide polymorphisms because analysis of short tandem repeats detects changes at multiple loci within a genome and hence allows far higher discrimination in comparing restriction patterns from two individuals. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are frequently encountered which reduces the reliability in comparison of two individuals. Further, SNPs will yield just one change in restriction pattern in comparing DNA from two individuals. Therefore, the answers for this question are options 3, 5 and 6.

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