25) Jean has been vorniting off & on for a few days due to viral enteritis. His

Question

25) Jean has been vorniting off & on for a few days due to viral enteritis. His doctor orders SMA7 (seven blood chemistries including electrolytes) The serum will show a) Low chloride level b) High chloride level Ca +"will be high d) High H ions e) Plasma pH will be low 26) A person who consumes large amounts of antacids may risk: a) Respiratory Acidosis b) Respiratory Alkalosis c) Metabolic Acidosis d) Metabolic Alkalosis e) Imbalance of digestive pH 27) The process of invasion by malignmeni cells is dependent on: a) activation of TNM system b) Release of enzymes by invading cells c) Decreasing anaplasia d) Tissue damage by cbemotherapy e) Stromal adhesion 28) Benign tumors are: a) Enclosed by a fibrous capsule b) Never encapsulated c) Invasive d) Rapid growth rate e) Degenerative 29) Sarcomas refer to a) Cancer of the epidennal layer b) Cancer of the endodermal layer c)--Cancer ofthe mesenchyme d) Cancer of the red bone marrow e) Cancer of the gonads

Explanation / Answer

25. a) low chloride level

A low chloride level indicates that you have too little chloride in your blood, which is called hypochloremia. Hypochloremia is an electrolyte disturbance in which there is an abnormally low level of the chloride ion in the blood. The normal serum range for chloride is 97 to 107 mEq/L. It occurs together with metabolic alkalosis (decreased blood acidity) it is often due to vomiting.

26. d) metabolic alkalosis

Slower breathing is one of the more serious symptoms of antacid overuse. It arises when antacids like sodium bicarbonate or calcium carbonate alters the blood pH. These antacids tend to cause alkalosis which is a rise in the blood pH. The body attempts to compensate for the more alkaline blood by altering the breathing rate.

27. e) stromal adhesion

The loss of cell-cell adhesion capacity allows malignant tumor cells to dissociate from the primary tumor mass and changes in cell-matrix interaction enable the cells to invade the surrounding stroma; the process of invasion. This involves the secretion of substances to degrade the basement membrane and extracellular matrix and also the expression/ suppression of proteins involved in the control of motility and migration.

28. a) enclosed by a fibrous capsule

Benign tumours are not classed ascancer. Benign tumors will grow in a contained area usually encapsulated in a fibrous connective tissue capsule. The growth rates of benign and malignant tumors also differ; benign tumors generally grow more slowly than malignant tumors.

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