Hello I\'m in circuits and I\'m confused about what is transmission velocity and

Question

Hello I'm in circuits and I'm confused about what is transmission velocity and how it is different from drit velocity.

In my textbook it says:

Drift velocity-- the actual (physical) velocity of electrons along the wire.

Transmission velocity-- the rate at which information can be transmitted electronically using conducing wires.

How is it possible that the transmission velocity is so much faster (close the speed of light)? Is it clear what my confusion here is? What is the information transmission? In a circuit with no active devices, what information is possibly being transmitted? Is this only reffering to circuits with active devices?

Explanation / Answer

drift velocity is quite low , typically in the order of milimeters per sec. but an electron does not have to travel from one end to the other to convey the current. as we know that the drift space is in order of nano meters , the time taken for an electron to propagate the energy to the next electron is almost negligible. information is transmitted by indivisual electrons over nanometers only. they pass on the energy to the next and so on and so forth.

1nm/1milimeter/sec =10^-6 sec or 1usec. that is the typical velocity of energy transmission

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