Please identify the transport process (i.e. diffusion, facilitated diffusion, or

Question

Please identify the transport process (i.e. diffusion, facilitated diffusion, or active transport) that best describes the following occurrences.
1) In cellular respiration's electron transport chain, the movement of protons from the mitochondrial matrix into the intermembrane space.
2) In cellular respiration's electron transport chain, the movement of protons from the intermembrane space into the mitochondrial matrix, through ATP sythase.
3) In cellular respiration, the movement of oxygen gas into the mitochondrial matrix to be in position to accept the electrons at the end of the electron transport chain
4) In photosynthesis' electron transport chain, the movement of protons from the stroma to the thylakoid space.
5) In photosynthesis' electron transport chain, the movement of protons from the thylakoid space into the stroma, through ATP synthase
6) In photosynthesis, the movement of CO2 into the stroma of the thylakoid to be in position to be reduced to form sugar via the Calvin Cycle

Explanation / Answer

An electron transport chain (ETC) couples electron transfer between an electron donor (such as NADH) and an electron acceptor (such as O2) with the transfer of H+ ions (protons) across a membrane. The resulting electrochemical proton gradient is used to generate chemical energy in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Electron transport chains are the cellular mechanisms used for extracting energy from sunlight in photosynthesis and also from redox reactions, such as the oxidation of sugars (respiration).

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