13. What is the mode of locomotion of the Ciliophora? Which class of protozoa ar

Question

13. What is the mode of locomotion of the Ciliophora? Which class of protozoa are incapable of movement? 14. List the characteristics of algae. How do they differ from plants? What is the function of chloroplasts? 15. What are diatoms? List the specific characteristics of diatoms. 16. List the characteristics of prokaryotes. List the characteristics of cyanobacter Which Kingdom do these organisms belong? 17. What are the steps involved in aseptic transfer of culture? 18. Describe the shapes of bacteria 19. List the steps involved in smear preparation. What is the difference injmaking a smear from liquid media and solid media? What are the reasons for heat-fixing the slide before staining? 20. Differentiate between acidic and basic dyes 21. Define/ Describe: A. Mycology B. Hyphae C. Mycelium 22. Why are basic dyes more successful on bacteria than acidic dyes? ETT-PACKAR D EXERCISE ho

Explanation / Answer

- Smear preparation from liquid culture: 1. A loopful of culture is placed on a clean slide, with a heat sterilised and cooled inoculation loop.
2. The culture is spread using a microslide or the inoculation loop.
3. The smear is allowed to dry and the slide is passed through a flame with the smear side up 2-3 times (heat fixation).

- Smear preparation from culture plate: 1. A drop of sterile water or saline solution is placed on a slide using a sterilised and cooled inoculation loop.
2. A small bacterial colony is picked with a loop or needle and gently stirred in the water/saline solution.
3. The culture is spread using a microslide or the inoculation loop.
4. The smear is allowed to dry and the slide is passed through a flame with the smear side up, 2-3 times (heat fixation).

- A bacterial colony is a concentrated group of cells and should be diluted with adequate quantity of water/saline solution. Therefore, the smear from the solid culture should be prepared with caution to prevent overcrowding and clumping of cells.

- Heat fixing the slide, kills the bacteria preventing them from autolysis and fixes (adheres) the cells to the slide. This also allows the smear to take up stains readily.

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