ors Bind to fe cells, preventing lysis of infected cells E. TNF receptors allow
ID: 191230 • Letter: O
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ors Bind to fe cells, preventing lysis of infected cells E. TNF receptors allow an infected cell to become infected by more than one variola virion (virus particle) 7. A cytokine storm, or hypercytokinemia, is a condition where cytokines are released that trigger the release of other cytokines to develop a positive feedback loop. It is thought that the 1917-1918 Influenza pandemic induced a cytokine storm in its victims. Which of the following mechanisms would be BEST to stop the positive feedback loop created by a cytokine storm? A. The use of soluble antagonists to bind soluble cytokines B. The use of soluble antagonists to bind membrane-bound cytokine receptors C. Infecting the patient with other viruses that are known to target and kill immune cells D. Treating the patient with drugs that kill all immune cells E. Nothing can be done for the patient. 8. Receptors that dimerize upon ligand binding often contain their cytoplasmic domains. A. tyrosine kinases B. hydrophobic regions C. proteases D. metal-binding regions E. large immunoglobulin folds 9. Regions of TCRs and BCRs that are particularly variable in their amino acid sequences are known for: A. binding to antigen B. sticking to denatured proteins. C. spanning the plasma membrane. D. binding to adaptor proteins. E. becoming phosphorylated. 4Explanation / Answer
7. The correct option is B. Cytokines bind with their receptor bound with the membrane and activate them to release other cytokines. A cytokine antagonist bind with the membrane bound cytokine receptor and occupy it and thus cytokine cannot reaches to these receptors and hence cannot trigger release of other cytokines.
8. Option A is the correct answer. Tyrosin kinase is reponsible for phosphorylation and hence perform a major role in signal transduction.
9. Option A is the correct answer. The T cell receptors and B cell receptors contain a particular region variable in their amino acid sequences are known for binding to antigens and can recognise and bind epitopes of antigen due to their variable amino acid sequences (as shape of protein changes with variation in amino acid sequences.
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