Objectives for Ch 1 . What is a hypothesis? How is it different from a theory? 2
ID: 191600 • Letter: O
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Objectives for Ch 1 . What is a hypothesis? How is it different from a theory? 2. What are the two important qualities of a good hypothesis? 3. Can you prove a hypothesis? 4. Why does correlation not equal causation? s. How is observational science different from experimental science? Objectives for Ch 22 I. Define evolution and adaptation 2. What was Aristotle's scala naturae? . Describe the ideas of catastrophism, gradualism, transformism, and uniformitarianism. 4. Explain "use and disuse" & "inheritance of acquired characteristics" for evolutionary change proposed by Jean Baptiste Lamarck. Explain why modern biology has rejected Lamarck's theories s. Explain how Hutton's principle of gradualism and Charles Lyell's principle of uniformitarianism influenced Darwin's ideas about evolution 6. Explain what evidence convinced Darwin that species change 7. Describe the observations that lead Darwin to propose natural s. Explain how an essay by the Rev. Thomas Malthus influenced 9. Explain how the existence of homologous and vestigial over time selection as a mechanism for evolutionary change Charles Darwin structures can be explained by Darwin's theory of natural selection o. Explain the terms analogous structures and convergent evolution 11. What is the supporting scientific evidence for evolution? 2. What is Darwinian fitness? How is this different from how 13. Explain why individuals cannot evolve. What is the smallest 4. What does it mean that natural selection acts on the non-scientists use this word? unit that can evolve? individual? Or acts on the phenotype? Or "grades on a curve"?Explanation / Answer
1.
The hypothesis is a suggested explanation for an observation. It has to be proven by experiments. It can also be said as a reasonable assumption about a phenomenon.
It can be supported or refuted by continued observation or experimentation.
A theory is based on well established, verified and proven facts.
2.
Qualities of a good hypothesis:
1. Relevant to the problem
2. Simplicity
3. Clarity
4. Predictability
5. Testability
3.
Yes.
A hypothesis can be proven to be correct or incorrect by continued observation or experimentation.
4.
Correlation does not necessarily mean causation.
For example, if we say that two factors A and B are positively correlated. It does not always mean that increase/decrease in B is a result of a change in A.
5.
Observational science is based on what is seen or heard. It does not involve any dependent or independent variables. It contains only response and explanatory variables.
In experimental science, researchers perform several experiments by changing independent variables and finds out its effect on dependent variables. There is a human intervention in experimental science.
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