Academic Integrity: tutoring, explanations, and feedback — we don’t complete graded work or submit on a student’s behalf.

3. Scientists determined the genotypes of 122 Havasupai people, a group of Nativ

ID: 191749 • Letter: 3

Question

3. Scientists determined the genotypes of 122 Havasupai people, a group of Native Americans in Arizona. The two genes are located in the major histocompatibility complex (MHC), an important part of the immune system. The following data are the number of observed and number of expected people for the HLA-A and HLA-B genes. Observed Expected HLA-A Homozygotes Heterozygotes 38 84 48.43 73.57 HLA-B Homozvgotes Heterozygotes 21 101 29.56 92.44 Do the observed data significantly differ than expected? Why or why not? (NOTE: calculate each gene separately.) a. b. What might explain the relatively high frequency of heterozygotes?

Explanation / Answer

A) For HLA-A

Observed

AA=38

Aa= 84

Expected

AA= 48.43 (p2 x 122)

Aa= 73.57 (2pq x 122)

From above given data,

the frequency of allele A= p = [(2 x 38)+84]/244

p= 0.6557

the frequency of allele a= q= [84/122]

q= 0.6885

Consider what the expected genotype frequencies will be, if the population is in hardy-weinberg equilibrium and compare these with the observed value.

these observed and expected values are different significantly from those expected if the population is not in equilibrium.

HLA-B

Observed

BB=21

Bb= 101

Expected

BB= 29.56 (p2 x 122)

Bb= 92.44 (2pq x 122)

From above given data,

the frequency of allele B= p= [(2 x 21)+101]/244

p= 0.5860

the frequency of allele b= q= [101/122]

q= 0.8278

Now consider , if the population is in hardy-weinberg equilibrium and compare these with the observed value and what the expected genotype frequencies would be like

these observed and expected values are different significantly from those expected if the population is not in equilibrium. These values are cosiderably different, with same number of homozygous of both HLA-A and HLA-B in observed value. Heterogygotes possess increased numbers than homozygotes in HW deviation.

B) Relative high frequency of heterozygotes found in HW deviation from part A calculation. Such as advantages or negative assortative mating, that is the attraction of opposites.

Hire Me For All Your Tutoring Needs
Integrity-first tutoring: clear explanations, guidance, and feedback.
Drop an Email at
drjack9650@gmail.com
Chat Now And Get Quote