QUESTION: Look at the phylogeny for the real surgeon and patient in Figure 9 of

Question

QUESTION: Look at the phylogeny for the real surgeon and patient in Figure 9 of the manual for this tutorial. Did the surgeon accidentally infect the patient with hepatitis C based off this image? How do you know?

** please answer in a detailed paragraph form The surgeon and the patient The surgeon and the patient Figure 9 shows the evolutionary tree R. Stephen Ross and colleagues reconstructed using nucleotide sequences from HCV virions from the German surgeon, is patient, and a variety of controls B) Full tree Surgeon d Surgeon a Patient d Patient Surgeon b Patient b Patient a Patient e Surgeon e Surgeon c Local control 2 Distant control Distant control Local control Local control Distant control Distant control Distant control Distant conrol Figure 9 The recon- Distant control Distant control Local control Local control Distant control controls. Redrawn Distant control from Ross et al. (2002) Distant control A) Simplified tree Surgeon Patient LC 2 LC 5 LC 3 LC 4 LC 1 structed evolutionary tree for hepatitis C vir- ions from the German surgeon, his Did the surgeon give hepatitis C to his Look first at the simplified version on the left. This tree includes a single virion each from the surgeon, the patient, and five local controls. Is the tree consistent with the hypothesis that the surgeon passed HVC to the patient? What other interpretations are possible? What other hypotheses can you rule out? Now look at the full evolutionary tree on the right. This tree includes controls from a variety of cities in addition to the five from the town where the surgeon and patient live. More importantly, it also includes ive virions each from the surgeon and the patient. Does the full tree tend to weaken or strengthen the case that the surgeon accidently gave his patient hepatitis? Why? What do you conclude?

Explanation / Answer

as shown in the figure A ( a simplified tree) both patient and surgeon shares common ancestral, hence are monophyletic. so they shares same phenotype or sequences present in ancestor. so the chance of being infected by sergeon is very high in compared to normal control (control and sergeon are in paraphyletic texon). each type when the patient comes in contact with sergeon, chance of being infected with hepetitis C virions is very high. as the infection is spread through sharing niddle, syringe and other equipment used in treatment.

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