1A Fill in the Blank: For each of the following sentences, fill in the blanks wi

Question

1A Fill in the Blank: For each of the following sentences, fill in the blanks with the best word or phrase selected from the list below. Not all words or phrases will be used; each word or phrase should be used only once. (5.5 points, 0.5 points each) adaptor, add, cytosol, flagellin, IkB, interleukin-1, lipopolysaccharide, MyD88, NFkB, nucleus, pathogen- associated molecular pattern molecules (PAMPs), phosphatase, remove, TNFa Members of the Toll like receptor family bind to such as TLRs have no intrinsic enzyme activity, but are associated with a cytoplasmic protein called This adaptor protein relays a signal to activate a cytoplasmic transcriptional regulator called which is inactive when associated with . Kinases called become activated and a phosphate group to lkB, resulting in its degradation, and release NFkB to the where it turns on transcription of inflammatory genes, such as and 6000 1B Case Study: A 6 year old child comes into the clinic with a history of recurrent pneumococcal infections and frequent ear infections and skin infections, that all responded well with antibiotic treatment. Lab tests showed a normal complete blood count, normal complement function. He had normal numbers of B and Tlymphocytes, but failed to produce specific antibodies to polysaccharide vaccines for pneumocccocus or meningococcus. A sample of his peripheral blood cells was tested for TNF production (by ELISA) after stimulation of specific TLR family members. The ELISA results are shown in Figure1 5000 8 4000 3000 2000 1000 a. Which cell(s) in the innate immune system might be dysfunctional in this patient? (2 points)

Explanation / Answer

1.

PAMPS
Lipopolysaccharide
flagellin
Adaptor
MyD88
NFkB
IkB
add
nucleus
Interleukins 1
TNFa

2. macrophages.

Macrophages is the major source to produce TNF-a. In blood test all cell count are normal. So macrophages not produce the TNF-a in the ELISA.

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