Chapter 13 Matching a. Primary messenger b. Secondary messenger C. G-protein cou

Question

Chapter 13 Matching a. Primary messenger b. Secondary messenger C. G-protein coupled receptor d. Heterotrimeric G-protein 1. Activated by ZTM receptor 2. Stimulated by CAMP 3. Results in the reassociation of G, and Gov 4. Generates two second messengers e. Gas 5. Activated by diacylglycerol f. Protein kinase A g. CAMP phosphodiesterase 6. Composed of seven transmembrane helices 7. Message received by the cell 8. Results from Gai inhibition h. GTPase activity i. Cholera 9. Activates phospholipase C j. Pertussis k. Phospholipase C 10. Activates adenylate cyclase 11. Activates Ca2+ channels 1. Gag 12. Due to persistent stimulation of Gas m. Inositol trisphosphate 13. Intracellular chemical that relays message from ligand receptor complex n. Protein kinase C 14. Results in the inactivation of protein kinase A

Explanation / Answer

a. In the signal transduction pathway, the 7. message received by the cell is the primary messenger. They are external stimuli from the environment.

b. Secondary messenger are 13. intracellular chemical that relays message from ligand receptor complex. Concentration changes in the secondary messengers establishes an array of information dissemination circuit system.

c. G-protein coupled receptor are 6. composed of seven transmembrane helices. and are integral membrane proteins. They are also called 7-TM receptors.

d. Heterotrimeric G-protein are 1. activated by 7TM receptor in response to ligand-receptor binding. The receptors are the 7-TM receptors which in turn activates these G-proteins.

e. Gas 10. activates adenylate cyclase. Gas are free subunits generated from Gs when the neurotransmitter receptors are elicited which activates adenylyl cyclase.

f. Protein kinase A are 2. stimulated by cAMP to add phosphate groups to proteins. These are cAMP-dependent protein kinase and are therefore called PKA.

g. cAMP phosphodiesterase reduces the level of cAMP by breaking the phosphodiester bonds. This in turn will 14. result in the inactivation of protein kinase A.

h. GTPase activity 3. results in reassociation of Ga and Gbg subunits.

i. Cholera 12. due to persistent stimulation of Gas that activates adenylate cyclase which in turn culminates breaking of ion channels to result in watery dairrhoea.

j. Pertussis alters the activity of Gai that 8. results from Gai inhibition.

k. Phospholipase C 4. generates two second messengers. The two second messengers are inositol-4,5-triphosphate (IP3) and diacylglycerol (DAG).

m. inositol triphosphate 11. activates Ca2+ channels that causes local release of calcium ions.

n. Protein Kinase C is 5. activated by diacylglycerol binding to the enzyme.

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