25. How does the surface area to volume ratio affect cells? 26. How do cells/uni

Question

25. How does the surface area to volume ratio affect cells? 26. How do cells/unicellular organisms cope with low surface/volume ratio? 27. What types of lipid movement are present in biological membranes? 28. What is the difference between unsaturated and saturated fatty acids, and how does it affect the membranes? 29. What are lipid rafts? What is their structure and function in the membrane? 30. Describe how atomic force microscopy can be used to visualize lipid rafts? What other structures do you think can be visualized using this method? 31. Describe main functions of the cell membranes 32. What types of protein association with the membrane do you know? What type would transport proteins belong to? 33. In freeze-fracture EM, how would you make sure that the texture you are seeing is, in fact, due to transmembrane proteins? 34. Describe steps involved in isolation of membrane proteins and reasons behind them 35. What technique allows us to measure lateral diffusion of proteins in the membrane? 36. What factors can influence protein mobility in the membrane? 37. Describe general architecture of a tansmembrane protein and amino acid properties in it's domains 38. A transmembrane protein has 1000 aa. The 5th aa is found on the external surface of the cell membrane. It interacts with the aqueous environment outside the cel. Amino acid 90 is inside the membrane bilayer. Aa 100-600 are intracellular, and 200-400 make a tight ball with minimal exposure to the aqueous cytoplasm. Amino acid 979 is found on the external surface of the membrane where it forms a weak ionic bond with C a. Can you draw the protein and mark positions of all mentioned aa in it? b. What are the properties of these amino acids?

Explanation / Answer

Q31) Main functions of cell membranes:-

- It mainatains the individuality and form of the cell.

- It protects the cell from injury.

- It regulates the flow of materials into and out of the cell. A cell remains alive as long as the cell membranne is able to determine which materials should enter and leave the cell.

- Its infolds help in the intake of materials by endocytosis.

- By controlling flow of materials and information into the cell, the cell mmbrance makes the metabolism possible. etc

Q35) Fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP) is the technique that allows us to measure lateral diffusion of the proteins in the membrane.

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