Could someone please help me with these questions? 3. Here is data on allele fre

Question

Could someone please help me with these questions?

3. Here is data on allele frequencies at a gene (Matheison et al. 2016). The frequency of this allele was measured in ancient human populations using DNA from skeletons. 0.5 0.0 8,000 2.200 7,000 .90 5400 4.9c0 approximately how many years in the past the population lived (a) Describe what this graph shows. (Hint: when you describe what a graph shows, you should be able to write one sentence that describes the pattern seen on the graph. DO NOT interpret what the pattern might mean. Feel free to check in with me after you write your description.) (b) Is this gene in Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium? Why or why not? (c) Write two possible hypotheses for the pattern you see on this graph. (d) For one of your hypotheses, explain what additional evidence might support this hypothesis. (e) This graph is from the lactase gene in humans. About 10,000 years ago, a mutation arose in this gene that made it possible for adult humans to digest milk (Those without this allele cannot digest milk as adults.) This graph shows the frequency of this new allele through time in ancient and modern humans. Based on this knowledge, explain why you think you might see the patterns seen in the graph. Page 3

Explanation / Answer

a) The pattern seen on the graph is the graph depicting the AA (p2) allele frequency. This is expected genotype frequency under random mating for homozygotes.

b) The gene is in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium as this graph is in accordance with the random mating assumption. If it were to be violated, the homozygosity would increase in all genes due to inbreeding.

e) The mutation could be a dominant advantageous mutation. This is visible to natural selection because of its effect on heterozygotes. Therefore, the dominance relationship among alleles can have influence on the evolutionary trajectories.

c) i. random mating is followed
ii. effect of a dominant advantageous mutation in the frequency of allele.

d) Mutational analysis can be performed based on recmbinant techniques to test the hypothesis of dominant mutation hypothesis.

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