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7.9 State the main differences in propagation when an electromag- netic wave passes from a vacuum into a slightly lossy dielectric medium. Reflections of electromagnetic waves at a perfectly conducting sur- face may in principle be reduced to zero by coating the surface with a suitable thickness of slightly lossy dielectric. In a certain application e' 400 and the radiation wavelength in vacuo is 3 cm. What minimum thickness of dielectric will prevent reflections at normal incidence, and what conductivity should the dielectric have? (The attenuation of an electromagnetic wave travelling in slightly lossy material, i e. with o e'eow, is exp (-kd) for a distance d, where

Explanation / Answer

Main difference in propagation when an electromagnetic waves passes from a vacuum into a slightly lossy dielectric medium

A lossy dielectric is a partially conducting medium (imperfect dielectric or imperfect conductor) . As the wave propagates along az direction in lossy dielectric medium, it decreases or attenuates in amplitude by a factor e^( az) , and hence a is known as the attenuation constant or attenuation factor of the medium. It is a measure of the spatial rate of decay of the wave in the medium, measured in nepers per meter.It does not happen in vaccum.

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