Researchers have found that lightning consists of both downward and return (upwa

Question

Researchers have found that lightning consists of both downward and return (upward) strikes. A barley visible downward strike causes a path of gas molecules to become ionized. Although every lightning event is a unique occurrence, the following describe one possible chain of events.The bottom of a cloud is 1.20 x 10^3m above the Earth's surface. An electrical potential difference of 4.0 x 10^7 V exists between the bottom of the cloud and Earth. As a result of a downward strike, much of the negative charge on the bottom of the cloud is channelled off. A bright and very visible return strike carries electron currents of 3.0 x 10^5 A for 2.5 x 10^-2 s from Earth to the top of the cloud. The top of the cloud, which is positively charged, is 1.6 x 10^4m above Earth's surface. The return strike is driven by an electrical potential difference of 1.0 x 10^8 V between the top of the cloud and Earth. In the thin air above the cloud, a second electric field exists between the ionosphere and top of the cloud. Some of the electrons continue to accelerate upward, beyond the top of the cloud. Collision between these electronsand air molecules can produce phenomena called sprites- red flashes of light with wavelength of 6.8 x 10^-7 m 1)If a person is out in the open in a thunderstorm, he might feel the hair on his arms and neck stand on end because they are acquiring charge as a result of the charge of the clouds. Prior to a lightning strike, the hair acquires this charge through the process of a) friction
b) radiation
c) induction
d) conduction 2) what is the electric field that exists between the bottom of the cloud and Earth`surface just before striking the surfaceÉ 3)In order for red sprites to be produced above the cloud, the minimum speed that the electrons must have is --------. The law of conservation of -------is valid for this situation
a) speed of 6.4 x 10^ 11 m/s law of conservation of energy
b) speed of 8.0 10^5 m/s law of conservation of energy
c) speed of 6.4 x 10^11m/s law of conservation of momentum
d) speed of 8.0 x 10^5 law of conservation of momentum Researchers have found that lightning consists of both downward and return (upward) strikes. A barley visible downward strike causes a path of gas molecules to become ionized. Although every lightning event is a unique occurrence, the following describe one possible chain of events.The bottom of a cloud is 1.20 x 10^3m above the Earth's surface. An electrical potential difference of 4.0 x 10^7 V exists between the bottom of the cloud and Earth. As a result of a downward strike, much of the negative charge on the bottom of the cloud is channelled off. A bright and very visible return strike carries electron currents of 3.0 x 10^5 A for 2.5 x 10^-2 s from Earth to the top of the cloud. The top of the cloud, which is positively charged, is 1.6 x 10^4m above Earth's surface. The return strike is driven by an electrical potential difference of 1.0 x 10^8 V between the top of the cloud and Earth. In the thin air above the cloud, a second electric field exists between the ionosphere and top of the cloud. Some of the electrons continue to accelerate upward, beyond the top of the cloud. Collision between these electronsand air molecules can produce phenomena called sprites- red flashes of light with wavelength of 6.8 x 10^-7 m 1)If a person is out in the open in a thunderstorm, he might feel the hair on his arms and neck stand on end because they are acquiring charge as a result of the charge of the clouds. Prior to a lightning strike, the hair acquires this charge through the process of a) friction
b) radiation
c) induction
d) conduction 2) what is the electric field that exists between the bottom of the cloud and Earth`surface just before striking the surfaceÉ 3)In order for red sprites to be produced above the cloud, the minimum speed that the electrons must have is --------. The law of conservation of -------is valid for this situation
a) speed of 6.4 x 10^ 11 m/s law of conservation of energy
b) speed of 8.0 10^5 m/s law of conservation of energy
c) speed of 6.4 x 10^11m/s law of conservation of momentum
d) speed of 8.0 x 10^5 law of conservation of momentum Researchers have found that lightning consists of both downward and return (upward) strikes. A barley visible downward strike causes a path of gas molecules to become ionized. Although every lightning event is a unique occurrence, the following describe one possible chain of events.The bottom of a cloud is 1.20 x 10^3m above the Earth's surface. An electrical potential difference of 4.0 x 10^7 V exists between the bottom of the cloud and Earth. As a result of a downward strike, much of the negative charge on the bottom of the cloud is channelled off. A bright and very visible return strike carries electron currents of 3.0 x 10^5 A for 2.5 x 10^-2 s from Earth to the top of the cloud. The top of the cloud, which is positively charged, is 1.6 x 10^4m above Earth's surface. The return strike is driven by an electrical potential difference of 1.0 x 10^8 V between the top of the cloud and Earth. In the thin air above the cloud, a second electric field exists between the ionosphere and top of the cloud. Some of the electrons continue to accelerate upward, beyond the top of the cloud. Collision between these electronsand air molecules can produce phenomena called sprites- red flashes of light with wavelength of 6.8 x 10^-7 m 1)If a person is out in the open in a thunderstorm, he might feel the hair on his arms and neck stand on end because they are acquiring charge as a result of the charge of the clouds. Prior to a lightning strike, the hair acquires this charge through the process of a) friction
b) radiation
c) induction
d) conduction a) friction
b) radiation
c) induction
d) conduction a) friction
b) radiation
c) induction
d) conduction 2) what is the electric field that exists between the bottom of the cloud and Earth`surface just before striking the surfaceÉ 3)In order for red sprites to be produced above the cloud, the minimum speed that the electrons must have is --------. The law of conservation of -------is valid for this situation
a) speed of 6.4 x 10^ 11 m/s law of conservation of energy
b) speed of 8.0 10^5 m/s law of conservation of energy
c) speed of 6.4 x 10^11m/s law of conservation of momentum
d) speed of 8.0 x 10^5 law of conservation of momentum
a) speed of 6.4 x 10^ 11 m/s law of conservation of energy
b) speed of 8.0 10^5 m/s law of conservation of energy
c) speed of 6.4 x 10^11m/s law of conservation of momentum
d) speed of 8.0 x 10^5 law of conservation of momentum
a) speed of 6.4 x 10^ 11 m/s law of conservation of energy
b) speed of 8.0 10^5 m/s law of conservation of energy
c) speed of 6.4 x 10^11m/s law of conservation of momentum
d) speed of 8.0 x 10^5 law of conservation of momentum

Explanation / Answer

The distance between cloud and the earth d = 1.20*10^3 m The potential between them V = 4.0*10^7 V (1) If a person is out in the open in a thunderstorm, he might feel the hair on his arms and neck stand on end because they are acquiring charge as a result of the charge of the clouds. Prior to a lightning strike, the hair acquires this charge through the process of  due to the induction (2) the electric field that exists between the bottom of the cloud and Earth`surface just before striking the surfaceÉ               E = V/d = (4.0*10^7 V) / 1.20*10^3 m                            = 3.33*10^4 N/C (3) In order for red sprites to be produced above the cloud, the minimum speed that the electrons must have is              the photon energy for a wavelength                     E = hc/                        = (6.625*10^-34 Js) (3*10^8 m/s) / 6.8 x 10^-7 m                        = 2.92*10^-19 J From law of conservation of energy          E = 1/2 mv^2         2.92*10^-19 = (0.5)(9.1*10^-31 ) v^2 therefore the speed of the electron                   v = 8.0*10^5 m/s    (2) the electric field that exists between the bottom of the cloud and Earth`surface just before striking the surfaceÉ               E = V/d = (4.0*10^7 V) / 1.20*10^3 m                            = 3.33*10^4 N/C (3) In order for red sprites to be produced above the cloud, the minimum speed that the electrons must have is              the photon energy for a wavelength                     E = hc/                        = (6.625*10^-34 Js) (3*10^8 m/s) / 6.8 x 10^-7 m                        = 2.92*10^-19 J From law of conservation of energy          E = 1/2 mv^2         2.92*10^-19 = (0.5)(9.1*10^-31 ) v^2 therefore the speed of the electron                   v = 8.0*10^5 m/s   

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