o- Dealing with osmotic imbalance: a. If someone accidentally ingests a large qu
ID: 201385 • Letter: O
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o- Dealing with osmotic imbalance: a. If someone accidentally ingests a large quantity of distilled water (suppose pure H20) how will his intestinal epithelial cells first react to that? Speculate on the effect on electrolytes balance in the body. b. Now suppose that the person ingests a large amount of seawater (highly concentrated in salt) and do the same reasoning. c. L actase is the enzyme that splits lactose into galactose and glucose in the gut lumen bef ore absorption by intestinal cell. Persons with low or no lactase activity develop ctose intolerance after milk ingestion; a form of diarrhea called "osmotic diarrhea" often characterizes this reaction. Explain how it may happen. 31- If ATP production is blocked in an animal cell,the cell will swell up. Explain this observation 32-In contrast to channels, transporters work by a. Specific binding to solutes. b. A gating mechanism. c. Filtering solutes by charge. d. Filtering solutes by size. 33- Which of the following is the actual driving force involved in passive transport? a. Enthalpy. b. Entropy c. Disorder. d. Temperature. e. Free energyExplanation / Answer
30 a) distilled water doesn’t provide us with minerals like calcium and magnesium that one get from tap water. Because it doesn’t contain its own minerals, distilled water has a tendency to pull them from whatever it touches to maintain a balance. So when you drink distilled water, it may pull small amounts of minerals from your body, including from your teeth n cause tooth cavities
b) The salinity of seawater is almost four times that of our bodily fluids. If someone drinks large amount of salt water, the net transfer of water from the inside of your cells to the outside will cause the cells to shrink considerably.
c) The most common cause of osmotic diarrhea is malabsorption of lactose derived from dairy products, known as lactose intolerance. for proper carbohydrate Digestion and Absorption isaccharides like lactose must be cleaved into its component monosaccharides by lactase before their absorption. In the absence of lactase, osmotically active lactose cannot be absorbed and remains in the intestinal lumen, thus interfering with water resorption and causing osmotic diarrhoea.
31. ATP is required to power the Na+-K+ pump, which is necessary for maintaining osmotic balance. The pump requires ATP hydrolysis to drive its pumping cycle. So, in the absence of ATP production, the Na+ concentration inside the cell will increase. This is followed by passive diffusion of water across the membrane, causing the cell to swell.
32. answer is a) Transporters work by changing conformation after specific binding of the solute to be transported. Channels exclude molecules on the basis of size and charge, but do not depend on specific recognition of the molecules moving through.
33. answers is b) and c) The high-to-low concentration gradient is the driving force for passive transport because it fulfills a fundamental law of nature: Things tend to move from a high-energy, ordered structure to a lower-energy, increasing randomness, or increasing entropy (measure of disorder) state of being.
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