A host organism needs time, often days, to mount an immune response against a ne

Question

A host organism needs time, often days, to mount an immune response against a new antigen, but memory cells permit a rapid response to pathogens previously encountered. A vaccine to protect against a partioular viral infection often consists of weakened or killed virus or isolated proteins from a viral protein coat. When injected into a person, the vaccine generally does not cause an infection and illness, but it effectively teaches the immune system what the viral particles look like, stimulating the production of memory cells nt infection, memory cells recognize and bind to the virus and trigger a rapid immune response on making it difficult or impossible to develop effective vaccines against them. pathogens, including HIV, have developed mechanisms to evade the immune system, Assume that a host's antibodies and T-cell receptors are available to bind to any structure that might appear on the surface of a pathogen and that, once bound, the pathogen is destroyed. What strategy could a pathogenic virus use to evade the immune system? The viral surface proteins mutate rapidly. The viral particles do not encode proteins. The virus does not produce antibodies. The virus can target, infect, and destroy immune system cells. Viral particles prevent immune cells from making antibodies. e There is additional feedback on the View this teedback bottom divider bar on the divider bar again to hide the additional feedback Clase ® Giv" Up & View Solution # Try Again O Next Ext. Prevcus Explanation

Explanation / Answer

Answer: Options A, D, and E are correct.

Explanation:

Immune evasion strategies by viruses:

i. A virus can inhibit antibody production. Ex: Measles virus

ii. A virus can attack immune system cells so that they can not mount an effective immune response. Ex: HIV

iii. A virus can rapidly mutate so that host can not recognize the mutated viral particles. Ex: HIV and Influenza virus

Viruses contain nucleic acid and a protein capsid. On the other hand, viroids contain only nucleic acid. They do not contain proteins. So, they can not be efficiently targetted by the immune system. Prions are infectious protein particles.

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