Could you please summarize the following paragraph which is around 360 words to

Question

Could you please summarize the following paragraph which is around 360 words to 200 words without losing its meaning.

Here it is:

In the medical field, a technique called Doppler ultrasound combines the concept of Doppler Effect with the established ultrasound procedures. Such technique can be used to provide information about the speed of blood flow near the heart, image abnormal blood flow, including restrictions, blockages, dilations and other conditions. Essentially it can be used as a diagnostic tool, for example, greater blood flow speed than normal points out the constricted regions.

The diagnosis can help in repairing damaged tissue or treat conditions such as bursitis, arthritis or muscular damage. through critical arteries within and near the heart.

In this technique, as can be seen in Fig.1, a transducer unit which acts as a transmitter or the source of wave and a receiver or the detector is placed directly on the skin. It emits continuous ultrasound waves (incident waves - S), whose frequency is typically about 5 MHz (1 MHz = 1 megahertz = 1 × 106 Hz), at a particular angle towards the blood vessel where red blood cells are flowing. A red blood cell moving towards the transducer, the source, an increase in the frequency of the ultrasound wave proportional to the speed of the moving red blood cell takes place. After the wave strikes the red blood cell and is reflected off (shown in Figure 2), the red blood cell will act as the ‘source’, which is again moving closer towards the ‘receiver’—the transducer. This will result in a further increase in the wave frequency. As a result the returning echo has a frequency (f_r) that is different compared to the original wave. Such a difference is used to calculate the velocity of the flowing blood (v_b). A similar but opposite process will take place in cases where the red blood cell is moving away from the transducer. The frequency of the ultrasound wave will be reduced twice, resulting in a lower frequency of the detected echo. The reduction in frequency will be interpreted by the computer as being the blood flowing away from the transducer unit and the magnitude of the change will be used to calculate this receding speed.

Explanation / Answer

The Doppler ultrasound technique combines the Doppler Effect with established ultrasound procedures. It provides information about blood flow near the heart, images abnormal blood flow, including restrictions, blockages, dilations and other conditions. Essentially it is a diagnostic tool. Diagnosis assists in treating conditions like bursitis, arthritis and muscular damage through critical arteries near the heart. A transducer unit is the transmitter and the receiver is placed on skin (Fig.1). It emits ultrasound waves (incident waves - S), whose frequency is about 5 MHz (1 megahertz = 10^6 Hz), at an angle towards the blood vessel. A blood cell moving towards the transducer causes an increase in the frequency of the ultrasound proportional to the cell’s speed. After reflection (Fig.2) the red blood cell acts as the ‘source’ moving towards the transducer, resulting in another frequency increase. The echo’s frequency (f_r) is different than the original wave’s and is used to calculate blood velocity (v_b). The opposite occurs when the blood is moving away from the transducer. The frequency of the ultrasound wave will be reduced twice, lowering the echo’s frequency. The computer interprets this as blood flowing away from the transducer and the change’s magnitude is used to calculate speed.

Related Questions

Navigate

• Browse (All)
• Browse C
• Subjects

Integrity-first tutoring: explanations and feedback only — we do not complete graded work. Learn more.