s4. Below is represented the membrane of a red blood cell. G stand for glucose,

Question

s4. Below is represented the membrane of a red blood cell. G stand for glucose, and the membrane potential is negative (inside negatively charged). For each solute, assume that the number of symbols represents its relative concentration. o20202 Cr C Na* K C Outside Cell Membrane :K c Inside Na* Indicate which of the solute(s) can enter the cell without the Indicate which of the solute(s) can readily enter the cell by e Indicate which of the solute(s) can readily enter the cell by d. Indicate the solute(s) for which the movement across the need for a membrane protein. simple diffusion. facilitated diffusion. membrane will not be influenced by the membrane potential e Indicate which of the solute(s) can readily enter the cell by t Indicate which of the solute(s) can only enter the cell by Indicate which of the solute(s) can only enter the cell by h. Indicate the solute(s) for which the movement across the channel proteins mediated facilitated diffusion. carrier proteins mediated facilitated diffusion. active transport. membrane will be additively influenced by the membrane potential and the concentration gradient. Indicate the direction of net movement. Indicate the solute(s) for which the movement across the membrane will be oppositely influenced by the membrane potential and the concentration gradient. Explain how j Indicate the solute for which the movement into the cell will have the most negative free energy change.

Explanation / Answer

to solve this exercise it is enough to know how osmosis works, remember that in this phenomenon the molecules move from a higher concentration gradient to a lower concentration gradient until the concentration is equal on both sides of the membrane.

You must also differentiate the phenomena that mediate this. Simple diffusion is a non-specific passive test which is not mediated by proteins and allows the passage of small molecules such as O2, CO2, H2O among others as long as they are electrically neutral

The facilitated diffusion is a specific passive transport or mediated by proteins, if it is in favor of the concentration gradient then it will remain so, on the other hand if it requires energy expenditure it becomes an active transport itself.

Now with this we can say that:

A. The O2 enter in the cell

B Also the O2 (and the water of the media)

C. Glucose, Na+, Cl-

D. Glucose and O2

E. Glucose, Na+, Cl-

F. Glucose, Na+, Cl-

G. K+

For this part you should know what happens in an action potential.
This only happens in exitables cells (muscle and neurons) This mediated by the movement of different ions, in this case the membrane works like an electric circuit.

H.- K+ outs, Na+ in, but the mainly potassium comes out

I .- In this case the cell has to be repolarized, through the sodium-potassium pump ATPase of sodium and potassium) are returned to the original concentrations making the potassium enter the cell again and take the sodium out.

J.-Remember that free energy is a measure of how spontaneous a reaction is so that negative free energies means that they happen more easily. for this case it would be Oxygen

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