choose the correct answer Bios 302. Homework questions. Spring 2018 1. CRISPR-Ca
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Bios 302. Homework questions. Spring 2018 1. CRISPR-Cas9 or analogous systems act like an adaptive immune system, protecting bacteria against viral infections. a. True b. False 2. CRISPR is an acronym for clustered regularly interspersed short palindromic repeat. a. True b. False Where do the fragments of the viral genome get inserted into the bacterial chromosome? 3. a. Random locations b. Upstream of the CRISPR repeats c. In between the CRISPR repeats d. Downstream of the CRISPR repeats 4. The CRISPR locus can only contain 1 fragment from a viral genome at any given time. a. True b. False 5. Where are new viral fragments incorporated in the CRISPR locus? a. 5' end of the coding strand b. 5' end of the noncoding strand 3' end of the coding strand 3' end of the noncoding strand c. d. 6. crRNAs contain a RNA copy of one CRISPR repeat and one fragment from a viral genome a. True b. False 7. Cas9 catalyzes the hydrogen bonding between crRNAs and tracrRNAS a. True b. False 8. Cas9 is a nuclease enzyme that disrupts DNA by producing? a. Nucleotide insertions b. Thymine dimers c. 5' methyl cytosine d. Double strand breaksExplanation / Answer
Q1) CRISPR-cas9 , one analogus system acts like an adaptive immune system , protecting bacteria against viral infection.
Answera)--True
Explanation-The functions of CRISPR (Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats) and CRISPR-associated (Cas) genes are essential in adaptive immunity in some bacteria and archaea, it enables the organisms to eliminate invading genetic materials like virus. and helps in protecting the bacteria against viral infection. Cas protein, Cas9 plays a major role in some CRISPR mechanisms ( specifically in type II CRISPR systems). In Type II CRISPR mechanism only one Cas protein (Cas9) is required for gene silencing. In type II systems, Cas9 helps in the processing of crRNAs , and is responsible for the destruction of the target DNA or invading organism.
Using CRISPR the bacteria cuts the parts of the virus DNA and keep a little bit of it, behind to help them recognise and defend against the virus next time it attacks.
At present CRISPR-Cas9 system is the fastest, cheapest and most reliable system for ‘editing’ genes.
Q2) CRISPR is an acronym for (Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats).
Answer- a) - true.
Q) 3) Where do the fragments of the viral genome get inserted into the bacterial chromosome-
Answer- b)- Upstream of CRISPR repeats .
Explanation- Viral DNA or spacers are added to the leading strand of CRISPR.
Q4) CRISPR locus can only contain1 fragment from a viral genome at any given time .
Answer- a ) True.
Q5) Where are new viral fragments incorporated in the CRISPR locus?
Answer- 5' end of coding strand.
Q6) cr RNA contain a RNA copy of an CRISPR repeat and one fragment from arrival genome-
Answer- a - true.
Q7) cas9 catalyzes the hydrogen bonding between crRNA and tracer RNAs-
Answer- a ) True.
Q8) cas9 is a nuclease enzyme that disrupts DNA by producing ?
Answer- d) Double strand breaks.
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