Really need help on this ASAP. I also have to construct the phylogeny for these

Question

Really need help on this ASAP. I also have to construct the phylogeny for these animals which i'm having huge trouble with. I have to have all these fields answered ASAP.

I have fifteen different animals and I must place them a cladogram accurately which have the scientific name and common as well. and identify which skeleton each species has. Also the comparison of the musculoskeletal system can be in chart form.

I also have to include things that make up each type of skeleton and the primary structures of each skeleton. as well as identifying the muscles attachements if there are any. Describing the mechanism of action of each musculoskeletal system and limitations and advantages of each type of skeleton.

List here:

1.Orca

2.Corals

3.Paras Monkey

4. Tree-Kangaroo

5.portula snail

6.fur seal

7.gorilla

8.sea horse

9.red tailed hawk

10.dogfish

11.split nose rock fish

12.giant pacific octopus

13.sea otter

14.harbor seal

15.ostrich

Explanation / Answer

Hie, I will list down the details for each one for you:

Orca
Common name: Killer whale
Scientific name- Orcinus Orca
Skeleton system: Chordate skeletal system
Long and thick skeleton containing bone, skull and structure of the front fins and a backbone consisting of 52 vertebrae which constitute the beginning of tail.
Muscoskeleton-The caudal fin (tail) is connected to the skeleton by muscles and tendons (Connective tissue tht connects muscles to bones)

Corals
Common name- Corals
Scient name- Corallium Rubrum
Skeleton- Corallite skeleton.
It is a tube that contains vertical plates radiating from the centre. The tube itself is the corallite wall and the plates are the septo-costae. The tubes are joined together by horizontal plates and other structures, collectively called the coenosteum. Some polyps have an additional thin film of skeleton around the wall called the epitheca. The wall is formed by five skeletal elements which vary in proportion in different coral families and/or genera. These elements are (a) septo-costae (which become thickened within the wall), (b) coenosteum (which forms a sponge-like structure), (c) synapticulae (which are horizontal rods forming a lattice between the septo-costae), (d) sterome (which form a non-porous layer within the wall) and (e) epitheca (which forms a thin non-porous layer on the outside of the wall).

(I could not find anything like Paras Monkey, but if its Patas Monkey then here are the details:)

Patas Monkey

Common name- Patas Monkey
Sc. Name- Erythrocebus Patas
Skeleton and muscoskeleton: (Here is a good study by Wood on Patas Monkey that will give you enough information abouot the Skeletal system as well as muscoskeleton)
"Two studies stand out in adding new details to patas locomotor function. Based on dissections of the leg and foot and radiography and cine-film, Wood [9] linked the musculoskeleton of the hindlimb with locomotor biomechanics. Compared to baboons, patas monkeys have reduced motion at the ankle joint, longer tarsals and metatarsals, shorter phalanges, and fore- and hindlimbs oriented in the parasagittal plane. Wood interpreted this anatomy as convergent with cursorial mammals. In a later study, Hurov [10] compared patas and vervet monkey vertebral columns. Using cine-film, he measured the flexibility of the back during fast running and found that the patas vertebral column has limited flexion-extension compared to that of vervets. He found that vervets have thicker intervertebral discs and a broader transverse rib cage that promotes greater back mobility and a significantly increased stride length. Patas monkeys have thinner intervertebral discs and a narrower and deeper rib cage that decreases sagittal bending; patas monkeys rely on lengthened fore- and hindlimbs for increased stride length. These regional studies clarify the role of leg, foot, and back structures in locomotor function. To date there have been no studies of complete patas locomotor anatomy, including forelimbs as well as hindlimbs, and musculature as well as the skeleton."

Tree kangaroo

Common name- Tree Kangaroo
Scientific name- Dendrolagus (Genus)
Skeleton- Large bones in the hind feet and legs, the bones of the second and third hind toeas are fused by skin.

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