15. Secretion of PTH is increased by: a. an increase in serum magnesium concentr

Question

15.     Secretion of PTH is increased by:
a.      an increase in serum magnesium concentration
b.      an increase in serum phosphate concentration
c.      an increase in dietary calcium
d.      a decrease in dietary calcium
e.      treatment with thiazide diuretics

16.     Hyperparathyroidism results in:
a.      alkalosis
b.      hypercalcemia
c.      hyperphosphatemia
d.      hypophosphaturia
e.      hypocalcemia

17.     A 50-year-old man has low serum calcium and high serum phosphate levels. His urinary cAMP levels are low. He most likely suffers from:

a.      Hypoparathyroidism
b.      Hyperparathyroidism
c.      Vitamin D deficiency
d.      Cushing’s syndrome

18.     Bone loss associated with renal failure occurs because:
a.      the failing kidney is no longer capable of PTH production
b.      renal phosphate clearance decreases in renal failure
c.      the failing kidney increases activation of vitamin D
d.      renal calcium clearance increases in renal failure

19.     Which set of serum values would be most typical of a patient with a vitamin D deficiency?
a.      high serum phosphate, high serum calcium, and high PTH
b.      low serum phosphate, high serum calcium, and high PTH
c.      low serum phosphate, high serum calcium, and low PTH
d.      low serum phosphate, low serum calcium, and high PTH
e.      high serum phosphate, low serum calcium, and low PTH

20. Which cause-and-effect relationship is correct for a deficiency of active vitamin D (calcitriol)?

a.      bone formation is increased because vitamin D blocks the action of PTH on bone resorption
b.      osteoporosis, but not osteomalacia, is associated with a calcitriol deficiency because calcitriol synergizes with PTH in its action on bone

c.      hypophosphatemia occurs because of decreased intestinal phosphate absorption
d.      hypercalcemia occurs because of decreased intestinal calcium absorption

Extra! 2 pts

1.      1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol:
a.      increases bone mineralization by increasing serum Ca levels
b.      decreases bone reabsorption by antagonizing the action of PTH on bone
c.      decreases serum phosphate levels by decreasing renal phosphate reabsorption
d.      decreases serum alkaline phosphatase levels by decreasing bone turnover

2.      Ketosis is not likely to occur in acromegaly because:
a.      GH is not lipolytic hormone
b.      GH inhibits beta oxidation
c.      GH stimulates lipoprotein lipase
d.      most individuals with acromegaly have sufficient insulin production to suppress ketosis.

Explanation / Answer

15.b. An increase in serum phosphate

Phosphate forms a complex with serum calcium causing low concentration of calcium concentration in serum.

16. b. Hypercalcemia

High levels of calcium in blood

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