Can you conclude that both measurements represent the same physical quantity? An

Question

Can you conclude that both measurements represent the same physical quantity? Answer the following guestions Explain your arguments. 1. Which sources of systematic/random errors may have contributed to the difference between the measured charge values? Explain. 2. Which method to determine the transferred charge gave you the most accurate and the most precise result? Explain. 3. Given that the elementary charge is e 1.602 x 10-19 C, using one of your measured values of Q, calculate how many electrons is that charge equivalent to. Why do static shocks occur more often during the winter months? Explain how lightning occurs in terms of charge transfer and interaction. Why don't snowstorms produce 4. 5. lightning? i ex 6. Water is not a conductor; however, humidity can affect the amount of charge accumulated on surfaces. Describe how. 7. Electrostatic discharges can be a potential hazard in oil/gas industries and a cause of failure of electronic components in integrated circuits. What kind of precautions could be taken to reduce such hazards?

Explanation / Answer

Questions 1, 2 and 3 are referring to data not included in this upload. Cannot answer these questions as they lack relevant information for context. However, I can answer the subsequent questions.

4) Bulid-up of static charge is enhanced in dry air conditions. The air outside can be very dry when the weather is cold. Static shocks are often noticed in cold dry weather and may disappear when the weather gets more warm & humid.

5) Lightning is an electric current that flows in the clouds. During hot weather, warm air rises from the earth and water vapour in the air cools to form a cloud. When air continues to rise, the cloud gets bigger and bigger. In the tops of the clouds, temperature is below freezing and the water vapour turns into ice, turning it into a thundercloud. Lots of small bits of ice bump into each other as they move around and all these collisions cause a build-up of electrical charge. Lighter, positively charged particles form at the top of the cloud. Heavier, negatively charged particles sink to the bottom of the cloud. When the positive and negative charges grow large enough, a giant spark, lightning, occurs between the two charges within the cloud. Since lightning occurs due to hot weather and clouds forming, it may be unlikely that it can also occur in snow storms.

6) As humidity increases the air becomes more conductive so that static charges are dissipated at a much lower voltage. They dissipate away to the environment not allowing more charge to accumulate on the surface.

7) It is recommended to use proper insulation, lubrication, cooling and humidity control to achieve more safety.

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