2. For each of the following pairs of phrases, indicate if the first is greater

Question

2. For each of the following pairs of phrases, indicate if the first is greater than the second, if the second is greater than the first, or if the two are equal, and WHY a. the number of cells in a morula; the number of cells in a blastula. b. The thickness of the endometrium lining after ovulation; the thickness of the endometrium after menstruation. c. The number of eggs released from the ovary during each ovarian cycle; the number of sperm released during an ejaculation. d. The number of chromosomes in an egg cell; the number of chromosomes in a sperm cell.

Explanation / Answer

a. Second is greater than the first because morula is an embryonic stage comprising 16-64 cells while blastula contains 128 cells.

b. First is greater than the second. After ovulation, thickness of endometrium increases because of the action of Luteinizing hormone (LH) and Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH). They promote proliferation of endometrium and enrichment with blood vessels so that if ovum fertilizes, the blastocyst can be implanted in the uterus. If fertilization does not occur. the blood vessels are shed in the form of vaginal bleeding during menstruation.

c. Second is greater than the first because during each ovarian cycle, only one egg is released while number of sperm releases during an ejaculation range from 40 million to 1.2 billion.

d.The two are equal to restore the total number of chromosomes in zygote. Since each chromosome contains genes, presence or absence of any chromosome will result in genetic imbalance

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