1) Explain what happens inside a conductor when a charged object is brought near
ID: 2046049 • Letter: 1
Question
1) Explain what happens inside a conductor when a charged object is brought nearby. Explain what happens inside an insulator when a charged object is brought nearby. Use charge diagrams to illustrate both of your explanations.
2) Story: In 1891 a man named William Von Osten began showing his horse in public exhibitions.
Clever Hans could apparently perform mathematical calculations and would give the
answers by tapping his hoof. For example, if he was asked to give the sum of 3 plus 2 he
would tap his hoof five times.
More than a dozen scientists observed Hans and were convinced there was no signaling
or trickery. They were impressed that Hans performed almost as well without Von Osten
as with him.
Admirers of Clever Hans' explained his behavior saying that Hans was capable of
understanding human speech and performing mathematical calculations. Countless
experiments supported this conclusion!
However, in 1904 by Oskar Pfungst proposed a different explanation. He suggested that
the horse was responding to subtle physical cues in the posture of the questioner. Oskar
Pfungst hypothesized that Hans could perceive very subtle postural cues from his
listeners that would tell him when to start and stop tapping.
He tested his hypothesis in the following experiment. He asked Hans a question to which
nobody in the audience knew the answer. If Oskar's hypothesis was correct, then Hans
should not be able to see the cues and consequently would not respond correctly.
Clever Hans was indeed clever not because he could count and understand English but
because he was extraordinarily sensitive to the expectations of people around him.
Question: Von Osten and Pfungst had different explanations of Hans' behavior. What did they do
differently to test their ideas of how Hans could count?
Explanation / Answer
E=0 inside a conductor, in the insulator, the e-field (E) will possibly be reduced from its value at the same distance in a vacuum depending on the properties of the insulator. 2. William Von Osten was thanking the horse for getting the right answer as soon as he got upo to the correct count. The hourse might just keep tapping otherwise.
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