One of the Galapagos finches studied by Darwin has woodpecker-like habits and ce

Question

One of the Galapagos finches studied by Darwin has woodpecker-like habits and certain woodpecker-like features: it braces itself on vertical tree trunks with stiff tail feathers in the manner of true woodpeckers and drills holes for insects with a chisel-like bill. However, it lacks the long, barbed tongue with which true woodpeckers spear insects; it used cactus throns for this purpose instead.

A) How would Lamark have accounted for this set of adaptations?
How would Paley?
How would Darwin?

B) How would each hypothesis account for the absence of true woodpeckers on the Galapagos Islands?

Explanation / Answer

A.

According to Lamarckism, some of the Galapagos finches have accquired character for keeping the insect in a hole that acts as a safe place for insect. Beaks is adapted according to food sources which is insect in this case.

According to Darwin, these finches and woodpecker have evolved from a single ancestor but get divided into two different species through a mechanism called as geographical speciation.

According to Paley, these finches are shaped according to its environment in this way so that it is providing maximum care.

B.

According to Lmarack, finches have no need of long, barbed tounge because they have cactus throbs, so they are not adapted like woodpeckers and woodpecker are absent from there

According to Darwin, since Galapagos finches and woodpecker have become different species, hence both have evolved new characters for doing same work. This is an example of analogous organs. Hence, woodpecker are some where else in the geographical area.

According to Paley, environment of Galapagos island is not suited to woodpecker, hence they are missing from there.

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