13) Identify the contribution of each of the following scientists to the discove

Question

13) Identify the contribution of each of the following scientists to the discovery of DNA a Avery b Chargaff c Watson and Crick 14) Based on the figure below, briefly explain how mRNA ribosome and IRNA work together protein Holdine site Phenala mRNA ine PhenalanineAsaragine Alanine izure 34 1ranalarion of mRNA 15.) what does that mean. “junk DNA"? Use one of the words above to complete each statement 16.) RNA is "read" and turned into a protein during the process of . This process occurs in th 17.)The building blocks of nucleic acids are known as 18.) DNA is converted into RNA during the process of DNA This process occurs in 19.) What is the 3 letter sequence that codes for an amino acid calle

Explanation / Answer

Answer 13.

a) Oswald Avery was a scientist working at the Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research from 1913 onward. In the 1930s, he concentrated his research on a bacterial species called Streptococcus pneumoniae. In the 1940s, using these bacteria, he devised an experiment that proved that bacteria without capsules could be "transformed" into bacteria with capsules by the addition of material from a capsulated strain. The discovery was called the "transforming principle" and through his experiments, Avery and his co-workers found that the transformation of the bacteria was due to DNA. Previously, scientists thought that traits like this were carried by proteins, and that DNA was too simple to be the stuff of genes.

b) Erwin Chargaff’s research paved the way for the discoveries of DNA’s structure and its method of replication.His observation that DNA varies from species to species made it highly credible that DNA was genetic material.His identification of 1:1 ratios in DNA’s bases allowed James Watson and Francis Crick to see how these bases slotted into the double helix and how DNA could act as a template for copies of itself.

C) The Watson-Crick Model of DNA (1953)

Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA) is a double-stranded, helical molecule. It consists of two sugar-phosphate backbones on the outside, held together by hydrogen bonds between pairs of nitrogenous bases on the inside. The bases are of four types (A, C, G, & T): pairing always occurs between A & T, and C & G. James Watson and Francis Crick realized that these pairing rules meant that either strand contained all the information necessary to make a new copy of the entire molecule, and that the order of bases might provide a "genetic code".

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