Significance of the Differences Between Mitosis and Meiosis Mendel used mathemat
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Question
Significance of the Differences Between Mitosis and Meiosis
Mendel used mathematics and experimentation to derive major principles that have helped us understand inheritance. His ideas were totally different than the explanation for passage of characteristics from parents to offspring that was common to his time. Discuss at least two of his principles in detail, providing examples. Describe how each principle contributes to genetic variability. Discuss the significance of Mendel’s discoveries to modern biology.
Explanation / Answer
Law of segrigation
When sperm and egg unite at fertilization, each contributes its allele, restoring the paired condition in the offspring. This is called the Law of Segregation. Mendel also found that each pair of alleles segregates independently of the other pairs of alleles during gamete formation
.A gene can exist in more than one form or allele.
Law of independent assortment .
The Principle of Independent Assortment describes how different genes independently separate from one another when reproductive cells develop.
In other words, the allele a gamete receives for one gene does not influence the allele received for another gene.
Discoveries
Mendel was the first to discover the existence of what we know today as"genes." Defining them as the biological unit responsible for the transmission of genetic traits.
They are the genes, the hereditary units that control the characters present in living beings.
Alleles
Considered as each of the different alternative forms that can present the same gene.
The alleles are composed of a Dominant gene and another recessive . And, the first will manifest more than the second.
Homozygous vs. heterozygous
Mendel found that all organisms have two copies of each gene, and if these copies are purebred, ie identical, the organism is homozygous.
Whereas, if the copies are different, the organism is heterozygous.
Genotype and phenotype
With his discoveries, Mendel announced that the inheritance present in every individual will be marked by two factors:
2. And, the phenotype, namely all external manifestations of the genotype such as: morphology, physiology and behavior of the individual.
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