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Can you explain line for line what this easyAVR code does in comment annotations

ID: 2082351 • Letter: C

Question

Can you explain line for line what this easyAVR code does in comment annotations? for embedded systems

TABLE DB 3FH    ; 0

           DB 06H      ;1

            DB 5BH     ;2

           DB 4FH      ;3

            DB 66H      ;4

            DB 6DH     ;5

           DB 7DH     ;6

            DB 07H      ;7

           DB 7FH      ;8

           DB 6FH      ;9

.INCLUDE "M32dDEF.INC"

LDI R16, HIGH(RAMEND) ; Initialized the stack pointer ( standard)

OUT SPH, R16

LDI R16 , LOW(RAMEND)

OUT SPL, R16

MAIN:                   ; Main Loop that initializes subroutines through the code

LDI r16, 0b00000000

OUT DDRB, R16

OUT DDRB, R16

IN PINB, R16

IN R17, PIND

.MACRO INTSTACK

LDI R16, HIGH (RAMEND)

OUT SPH, R16

LDI R16,LOW (RAMEND)

OUT SPL, R16

.ENDMACRO

INSTACK

ST x, R16

ST y, R17

ST R18, xl

ST R19, xh

ST R20, yl

ST R21, yh

LDI zl,low (segment <<1)

LDI zh, high (segment <<1)

LDI R22, 0x0F

OUT DDRA, R22

LDI zl, R18

LPM z, R18

OUT R18, porta1

LDI zl, R19

LPM z, R19

OUT R19, porta2

LDI zl,R20

LPM z, R20

OUT r20, porta3

LDI zl,R21

LPM z, R21

OUT R21, porta4

.ORG 0x500

.DB '0x3f', '0x06', '0x5b', '0x4f', '0x66', '0x6d', '0x7d', '0x07', '0x7f', '0x6f'

Explanation / Answer

in the table DB stands for data byte. Total 10 data bytes are initialized.

LDI R16, HIGH(RAMEND) ;   % Initialized the stack pointer ( standard)

OUT SPH, R16                       % value of SPH(stack pointer high) transferred to register 16 (R16)

LDI R16 , LOW(RAMEND)     % % Initialized the stack pointer ( standard)

OUT SPL, R16                        % value of SPL(stack pointer Low) transferred to register 16 (R16)

MAIN:                   ; Main Loop that initializes subroutines through the code

LDI r16, 0b00000000       % load immediate the value 0b00000000 into r16

OUT DDRB, R16              % DDRB=data direction register B , value of DDRB to R16

OUT DDRB, R16             % DDRB=data direction register B , value of DDRB to R16

IN PINB, R16                   % value or R16 transfered to PINB (pin register B)

IN R17, PIND                   % value or PINB transfered to R17

.MACRO INTSTACK    %macro starts

LDI R16, HIGH (RAMEND)      % Initialized the stack pointer ( standard)

OUT SPH, R16                           % value of SPH(stack pointer high) transferred to register 16 (R16)

LDI R16,LOW (RAMEND)           % Initialized the stack pointer ( standard)

OUT SPL, R16                         % value of SPL(stack pointer low) transferred to register 16 (R16)

.ENDMACRO                          % macro ends

INSTACK   

ST x, R16     % store x to R16

ST y, R17     % store x to R17

ST R18, xl    % store R18 to xl

ST R19, xh     % store R19 to xh

ST R20, yl       % store R20 to yl

ST R21, yh   % store R21 to yh

LDI zl,low (segment <<1)         

LDI zh, high (segment <<1)

LDI R22, 0x0F     % load immediate the value 0xoF into  R22

OUT DDRA, R22         % value of DDRA transferred to register 22 (R22)

LDI zl, R18          % load R18 value in zl

LPM z, R18         %load program memory - value of R18 into z

OUT R18, porta1   % send R18 value to porta1

LDI zl, R19            % load R19 value in zl

LPM z, R19         %load program memory - value of R19 into z

OUT R19, porta2      % send R19 value to porta2

LDI zl,R20       % load R120value in zl

LPM z, R20    %load program memory - value of R20 into z

OUT r20, porta3   % send R20 value to porta3

LDI zl,R21     % load R21 value in zl

LPM z, R21    %load program memory - value of R21 into z

OUT R21, porta4   % send R21value to porta4

.ORG 0x500

.DB '0x3f', '0x06', '0x5b', '0x4f', '0x66', '0x6d', '0x7d', '0x07', '0x7f', '0x6f'

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