1. ………….. is the interaction of a community of organisms with their environment.

Question

1. ………….. is the interaction of a community of organisms with their environment.
2. In nutrient cycling, ………….. must be converted to some form before plants can use?
3. ………………………. is the first process to decay dead rat in forest floor in the nitrogen cycle.
4. …………………. is the process of converting triple-bonded nitrogen into usable nitrogen (such as ammonia or nitrate).
5. …………… (countries) would be a very significant source of fixed nitrogen in the atmosphere?
6. Energy is transferred from sunlight and converted into chemical energy in food by ……………. (process).
7. Energy in food (glucose) is released and used to make ATP in your cells by ………….. (process).
8. Abiotic factors that are important to determine land biomes are ……………
9. ………….. is the coastal body of brackish water where rivers meet oceans.
10. Animals which feed on primary and higher-level consumers are known as ………….
11. ………………….. is the gradual growth of biotic communities in areas which have no soil.
12. Hyenas and Lions prey on antelopes, zebras, and gazelles in Africa savanna. Lions frequently chase Hyenas away from kill, and take it for themselves. This interaction is ……….
13. ………………. provide the entire input of energy and oxygen to humans.
14. On the Arctic tundra, the ground beneath the surface remains frozen all year. This permanently frozen ground is called ........
15. The situation where one species eliminates another through competition is called ….
16. ………………….. (abiotic factors) are important to determine land biomes
17. Typically, buttress roots are found in ………. (biome).
18. …………….. (biome) is characterized by nutrient-rich soil, hot and cold, frequent fires, and grazing by small mammals, such as prairie dogs.

Read the following information for question 19 - 20
Hummingbirds pollinate native cactus in the Sonoran Desert. When hummingbirds are removed, invasive species have taken over cactus.

19. The role of the Hummingbirds in the Sonoran Desert is ……………. species.
20. The relationship of hummingbird and cactus is …………

Explanation / Answer

1. Ecosystem

In an ecosystem the living organisms interact with each other and various non living factors such as air, water, sunlight & other environmental factors. These interactions help in maintaining the ecological balance

2. Nitrogen

Nutrient cycling involves the movement of matter in the ecosystem. The matter moves in the basic elemental form such as carbon, nitrogen, oxygen etc.. In the nutrient cycle, nitrogen available in the atmosphere must be converted into a different form such as ammonia before the plants can use it. The reason behind this conversion is plants cannot absorb the atmospheric nitrogen

3. Ammonification

Ammonification is the process in which the organic form of nitrogen is converted into ammonium ions. The decomposers or scavengers help in this process.

4. Nitrogen fixation

Plants cannot utilize the readily available form of nitrogen. They cannot break the triple bond of the nitrogen atoms which is necessary for the metabolic processes. So the atmospheric nitrogen is converted into ammonia or nitrates via nitrogen fixation. Nitrogen fixation can be biological or photochemical

6. Photosynthesis

Photosynthesis is a process in which green plants absorb light and prepare food. In this process the light energy is converted into chemical energy.

7. Glycolysis

Glycolysis is the breakdown of glucose molecules into pyruvic acid. This process releases a large amount of free energy in the form of phosphates. These high energy phosphates are used to make ATP's in cells.

9.Estuary

Estuary is the area where the rivers open into sea or ocean. An estuary begins where fresh water from river flows into coastal bay. When fresh water of the river meets the saline or salty water of the ocean, they combine to form the brackish water. Hence estuary is the coastal body of barckish water.

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