Call the times along the vertical lines of Figure 9.66 (b) t0, t1, t2, t3, and t

Question

Call the times along the vertical lines of Figure 9.66 (b) t0, t1, t2, t3, and t4 respectively. We see that x1 change from 0 to 1 at t0. a change from 1 to 0 at time t1, There is static hazard for the output signal b (1 -> 0 -> at t1 and t2, ). There is dynamic hazard for the output signal f (0 -> 1 -> 0 -> 1 at t2, t3, and t4 respectively).

(3%) We see that x2 = x3 = x4 in 9.66 (b). The authors did not say if they = 0 or = 1. Do they equal to 0, or equal to 1, or it does not matter. Explain!

(6%) Explain why signal a changes from 1 to 0 at t1, c from 0 to 1 at t2, d from 1 to 0 at t3)

(6%) Explain how the output signal b has a static hazard as shown.

(9%) Explain how the output signal f has a dynamic hazard as shown

Explanation / Answer

solution (a) :- x2 = x3 = x4 =1 as if consider it as 0 our gate output will not change as we can see in following table our output at a will always 1 if x2 =0 and for x2 =1 it varies with out input

solution (b) :-  due to one gate delay our output signal varies w.r.t input with a delay of one time period so when x1 go high corresponding signal a will became low after one time period, and it changes the signal c at t2 then c changes d at t3

solution (c) :- signal b do't a as b changes before one gate delay so, when one input variable changes, the output changes momentarily before stabilizing to the correct value it will be a static hazard

solution (d) :-A dynamic hazard is the possibility of an output changing more than once as a result of a single input change. so signal f being changed a lot it will be a dynamic hazard

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