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of a system shown below. There are 4 lumped masses and 3 linear stiffness of L-l

ID: 2087361 • Letter: O

Question

of a system shown below. There are 4 lumped masses and 3 linear stiffness of L-length each in the model. Obtain free vibration response (frequencies and mode shapes) of a 1-D lumped mass model 2 4 The following [M] ans [K] matrices provided 1 0 0 0 [M]- pAL/2 02 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 1 an 1-1 0 0 [K]: EA/L-1 2 1 0 0 0 -1 1 (a) Derive the frequency and mode shapes using symbolic computations. (b) Assign the following values to the mass and the stiffness coefficients (pAL/ (EA/L)- 300,000 N/m and ebtain frequency values in Hz and plot mode shapes 2)-400 kg (c) Use 10%, 20%, 30% reduced values of the stiffness coefficients and compare the new frequencies obtained with the ones from part (b). What can you conclude? Explain.

Explanation / Answer

% Enter the mass and stiffness matrices

mass=400;

fprintf('Mass matrix is ');

m=mass*[1 0 0 0;0 2 0 0;0 0 2 0;0 0 0 1]

stiff=300000;

fprintf('Stiffness matrix is ');

k=stiff*[1 -1 0 0;-1 2 -1 0;0 -1 2 -1;0 0 -1 1]

% Calculate eigenvectors and eigenvalues %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

[P,lamda]=eig(m^(-1)*k);

[wn,kk]=sort(sqrt(diag(lamda)));

P=P(:,kk);

% Make sure the first entry of every column is positive

for i=1:length(m)

if P(1,i)<0

P(:,i)=-P(:,i);

end

% Normalize so that the top element is 1

phi(:,i)=P(:,i)/P(1,i);

end

disp('%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% ')

disp('The natural frequencies are')

disp(' ')

for i=1:length(m)

disp(['f',num2str(i),' = ',num2str(wn(i)/2/pi),' Hz'])

end

disp(' ')

disp('The mode shape matrix of the system is')

phi

fn=wn/2/pi;

plot(1:4,phi)

mass=400;

m=mass*[1 0 0 0;0 2 0 0;0 0 2 0;0 0 0 1];

stiff=270000;

fprintf('Stiffness matrix is ');

k=stiff*[1 -1 0 0;-1 2 -1 0;0 -1 2 -1;0 0 -1 1]

% Calculate eigenvectors and eigenvalues %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

[P,lamda]=eig(m^(-1)*k);

[wn,kk]=sort(sqrt(diag(lamda)));

P=P(:,kk);

% Make sure the first entry of every column is positive

for i=1:length(m)

if P(1,i)<0

P(:,i)=-P(:,i);

end

% Normalize so that the top element is 1

phi(:,i)=P(:,i)/P(1,i);

end

disp('%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% ')

disp('The natural frequencies are')

disp(' ')

for i=1:length(m)

disp(['f',num2str(i),' = ',num2str(wn(i)/2/pi),' Hz'])

end

disp(' ')

disp('The mode shape matrix of the system is')

phi

mass=400;

m=mass*[1 0 0 0;0 2 0 0;0 0 2 0;0 0 0 1];

stiff=240000;

fprintf('Stiffness matrix is ');

k=stiff*[1 -1 0 0;-1 2 -1 0;0 -1 2 -1;0 0 -1 1]

% Calculate eigenvectors and eigenvalues %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

[P,lamda]=eig(m^(-1)*k);

[wn,kk]=sort(sqrt(diag(lamda)));

P=P(:,kk);

% Make sure the first entry of every column is positive

for i=1:length(m)

if P(1,i)<0

P(:,i)=-P(:,i);

end

% Normalize so that the top element is 1

phi(:,i)=P(:,i)/P(1,i);

end

disp('%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% ')

disp('The natural frequencies are')

disp(' ')

for i=1:length(m)

disp(['f',num2str(i),' = ',num2str(wn(i)/2/pi),' Hz'])

end

disp(' ')

disp('The mode shape matrix of the system is')

phi

results -----------------

As stiffness value reduces natural frequency reduces.Natural frequency is directly proportional to stiffness.

% Enter the mass and stiffness matrices

mass=400;

fprintf('Mass matrix is ');

m=mass*[1 0 0 0;0 2 0 0;0 0 2 0;0 0 0 1]

stiff=300000;

fprintf('Stiffness matrix is ');

k=stiff*[1 -1 0 0;-1 2 -1 0;0 -1 2 -1;0 0 -1 1]

% Calculate eigenvectors and eigenvalues %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

[P,lamda]=eig(m^(-1)*k);

[