The brain is the most complex and mysterious organ in the body. In your essay di
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The brain is the most complex and mysterious organ in the body. In your essay discuss the following points in any order you prefer 3. Describe the lobes of the cerebrum and their functions. Discuss the concept of cerebral lateralization, the differences between Broca's and Wernicke's aphasia, and how the one could determine which type of aphasia a person has based off of their symptoms. Explain what an EEG is and discuss the stages of sleep and how the waveforms differ in each stage and from being awake. a. b. c. The adrenal glands produce multiple hormones and deficiencies in these hormones can lead to multiple disorders. In your essay discuss the following points in any order you prefer: 4. Describe the structure, in detail, of the adrenal gland, and from which specific regions each type of hormone is released. Describe the specific hormone involved in mineral homeostasis secreted from the adrenal gland, what triggers its release, and the specific effects it has on the body. Explain the control of the secretion of cortisol and what its effects are on the body. Discuss the diseases caused by hyper-and hyposecretion of cortisol in the body. Include in your discussion the symptoms and probable cause of each disorder. a. b. c. d.Explanation / Answer
3. A) Cerebrum - largest part of human brain. It is further divided into 4 lobes which are as follows,
Frontal lobe
Parietal lobe
Occipital lobe
Temporal lobe
Description:
Frontal Lobe: Etymology suggests that it is derived from the frontal portion of the brain i.e., frontal region of the cerebral hemisphere. It is well seperated from other temporal and parietal lobe by forming grooves in between.
Function: It plays vital part in analytical thinking, speech, movement, emotion.
Parietal lobe: It is situated behind the frontal lobe and above the temporal & occipital lobe.
Function: It deals with ideantification, movement, positioning, stimulus recognition.
Occipital lobe: Etymology suggests that the name derived from its position in the head region that is behind the head. It is situated beneath the occipital bone.
Function: Its function is related to vision.
Temporal lobe: It is located beneath the lateral fissure.
Function: It is related to the proper functioning of the auditory system, memory as well as speech.
B) Cerebral lateralization: As we know that, brain is divided into two hemisphere. And it is made up of same contents. So, it would be natural that the function of both parts would be the same. But it is not. Studies suggest that two part are specialized in two different sectors. This is known as cerebral lateralization. The neuronal compositions of two hemisphere are different from each other. It allows them to function in two different specialized way. Even different neuronal network composition is seen with a hemisphere also. Like a part of left hemisphere is more specialized in seech, other part is specialized in comprehension like that.
Broca's and Wernicke's aphasia difference:
Broca's area is situated in frontal lobe. And the other one is situated in temporal and parietal lobe. So, two different aphasias occurs due to issues in two different areas.
For Broca's aphasia, affected region results in disability for the movements which help in speech formation. So, a patient cannot speak but can understand other people's conversation. But in case of the other one, the speech movement is not affected. It hampers the ability to understand the other people's conversation. So a patient can speak but cannot understand what others are saying.
So from this symptom which is also the distinguished feature of both aphasia, one can easily identify which one is Broca's & which one is Wernicke's aphasia.
C) EEG - It is a medical procedure to monitor the electrical activity of the brain with the help of a electrode placed alongside of the scalp. It monitors the voltage fluctuation in the neuron of the head region.
Stages of sleep:
Non REM sleep. ( Includes 4 steps)
REM
Description :
Stage I Non REM: Very light sleep. Eye and muscle movements slow down.
Stage II Non REM: Eye movement stops & this is tge preparation step for brain to bring sleep. The brai wave slows down ( occassional rapid brain wave may occur).
Stage III Non REM: Brain wave becomes even e
slower ( with very small faster waves sometimes)
Stage IV Non REM: Deep sleep continues. The slow brain waves, produced in III step, are again produced more in number in this stage.
REM: full form is rapid eye movement. As the name suggests, eyeball moves faster but eye remains closed. It occurs during one having a dream.
It must be clear from the previous para that during being awake, the brain waves, eye movement, muscle movement are fast and during sleep it slows down. And brain produces slower delta waves during deep sleep.
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