mitosis? 7. What is the significance of the line of duplicated chromosomes that
ID: 209938 • Letter: M
Question
mitosis? 7. What is the significance of the line of duplicated chromosomes that forms at the cell's equator during metaphase of mi 8. What is cancer? 9. Growth factors are proteins that stimulate cell division. Examine the data in Table 5 TABLE 5 Cell Line Growth Conditions Behavior of Cells in Culture Dish No mitosis Nutrients Nutrients + growth factor Mitotic Nutrients Nutrients + growth factor No mitosis Nutrients Nutrients + growth factor Mitotic No mitosis Mitotic Which of the cell lines is likely cancerous? 10. Dioxin, a by-product of the production of vinyl, is known to cause damage to DNA in cells in culture. How would an epidem ologist determine whether dioxin is a carcinogen?Explanation / Answer
7) Metaphase is the third phase of mitosis, the process that separates duplicated genetic material carried in the nucleus of a parent cell into two identical daughter cells. During metaphase, the cell's chromosomes align themselves in the middle of the cell at the equator of the metaphasic spindle. This even alignment is due to the counterbalance of the pulling powers generated by the opposing kinetochore microtubules in a kind of a cellular tug-of-war. Only after all chromosomes have become aligned at the metaphase plate, when every kinetochore is properly attached to a bundle of microtubules, does the cell enter anaphase. It is thought that unattached or improperly attached kinetochores generate a signal to prevent premature progression to anaphase, even if most of the kinetochores have been attached and most of the chromosomes have been aligned. Such a signal creates the mitotic spindle checkpoint.
8) Cancer is a group of diseases which primarily involves abnormal cell growth with the potential to invade or spread to other parts of the body causing malignancy. Possible signs and symptoms include a lump, abnormal bleeding, prolonged cough, unexplained weight loss, and a change in bowel movements.
9) The "C" cell line is most likely to be cancerous as it is able to divide even when growth factors are not present. This is an indicative of abnormal cell division which may cause the cell line to become cancerous.
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