Describe the heart\'s intrinsic conduction system Be able to locate and describe

Question

Describe the heart's intrinsic conduction system Be able to locate and describe the significance/function of: SA node, internodal pathway, AV node, AV bundle (Bundle of His), bundle branches, purkinje fibers What does each depolarization of the SA node cause? How often does this occur? Describe the action potential and cardiac rhythm of the heart. What is the difference between systole and diastole? What occurs during each phase of the action potential? . . . . Be able to describe the sequence of excitation of the intrinsic conduction system The purkinje fibers attach to the papillary muscles. What is the significance of this? What is an ECG? What do these sections of the ECG actually measure (in terms of electricity and heart action): P wave, QRS complex & T wave? Use the table we filled out in class to guide you here. How does the ECG vary and what is occuring during these conditions: junctional rhythm, 2nd degree heart block & ventricular fibrillation? Describe the extrinsic innervation (you do not need to know specific nerves, but know sympathetic vs. parasympathetic - which inhibits and which stimulates the heart?) Describe the phases of the cardiac cycle; what is happening in each: atrial contraction & ventricular filling, ventricular pressure rising, ventricular contraction & ventricular relaxation-Use the table we filled out in class. What is auscultation? . . What are What do the sounds lub & dub represent (be specific about the structures)? you listening to if you hear lub-hiss-dub or lub-dub-hiss? What are these items and how are they related: co HR, & SV . .

Explanation / Answer

Answer:

Internodal Pathway: This is present in atrial walls whose main function is to link the SA node to the AV node along with the distribution of the action potential to the atrial contractile cells.

AV Node: is present in the inferior interatrial septum. Atria contraction takes place here and delayed action potential is also observed.

AV Bundle: This is the electrical connection between atria and ventricles that helps in the movement of the action potential from the interatrial septum to the interventricular septum that hereby connects the AV node to the Bundle Branches.

Bundle Branches: They help in transferring the action potential down to the interventricular septum.

Purkinje Fibers: They are located at the lower interventricular septum to the apex of the heart and continue superiorly through the myocardium of the ventricles. The function of Purkinje fibers is to convey the action potential to the contractile cells of the ventricle.

Cardiac rhythm of heart: This is the normal beat rate of the heart. The first wave is 'P' of ECG indication atrial contraction, 'QRS' wave is the ventricular depolarization and contraction and is of higher amplitude than 'P' wave, 'T' wave is the ventricular repolarization.

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