Can anyone answer the following questions, please? Thank you in advance. 1) What

Question

Can anyone answer the following questions, please? Thank you in advance.

1) What is the method of action of aldehydes?

A) They disrupt cytoplasmic membranes. B) They inhibit enzymes. C) They damage nucleic acids. D) They disrupt membranes and enzyme function. E) They damage proteins and DNA.

2) Why are endospores used to measure the effectiveness of autoclave sterilization? A) Endospores are easy to store in the lab until needed. B) Endospores are very simple structures and easy to detect. C) Endospores are very hard to kill. D) Endospores are composed of all the molecules found in living cells. E) Endospores of different bacteria are destroyed at different temperatures and can be used to calibrate autoclave temperatures

3) Which of the following is a product of recombinant DNA technology? A) rice that produces vitamin A B) bacteria that produce antibiotics C) yeast that produces alcohol D) bacteria that produce acetone E) microbes that digest crude oil

4) DNA damage caused by nitrous acid results in ______mutations. A) insertion B) substitution C) deletion D) frameshift E) both insertion and deletion.

Explanation / Answer

1. E) They damage proteins and DNA.
Aldehydes like formaldehyde and glutaraldehyde reactes with organic nitrogen containing compounds like proteins and nucleic acids which is responsible for their antimicrobial action.

2. E) Endospores of different bacteria are destroyed at different temperatures and can be used to calibrate autoclave temperatures
Generally the endospores of Bacillus stearothermophilus are used in the autoclave as an indicator. The spores of Bacillus stearothermophilus are highly resistant to moist heat sterilization. If our autoclave has effectively killed those spores it is likely to kill all other micro organisms.

3. A) rice that produces vitamin A
Rice that produces vitamin A, commonly called as Golden Rice, is produced by inserting genes from daffodils and the bacteria Erwinia uredovora. The rice thus produces B-carotene and appears golden.

4. B) substitution
Nitrous acid reacts with the amino groups in the bases leading to A-T to G-C transitions.

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