A dependent embryo is a defining characteristic of which group? a) All Plants b)

Question

A dependent embryo is a defining characteristic of which group?

a) All Plants

b) Angiosperms

c) Bryophytes

d) Charophyte algae

e) Vascular plants

Which of the following best describes evolutionary trends in animals?

a) Increased cephalization; shift from bilateral symmetry to radial symmetry; decreasing specialization of cells into tissues and organs.

b) Increased cephalization; shift from asymmetry to radial symmetry, then to bilateral symmetry; increasing specialization of cells into tissues and organs.

c) Decreased cephalization; shift from bilateral symmetry to radial symmetry; increasing specialization of cells into tissues and organs.

d) Decreased cephalization; shift from asymmetry to radial symmetry, then to bilateral symmetry; decreasing specialization of cells into tissues and organs.

Which of these is evidence supporting the theory of endosymbiosis?

a) Mitochondrial DNA structure is similar to that of prokaryotes
b) Mitochondrial ribosomes are more similar to eukaryotic than prokaryote
c) Plasma membranes throughout a eukaryote are totally uniform
d) There is no hard evidence for the theory of endosymbiosis

During the stage between plasmogamy and karyogamy, the hyphae cell is...

a) Amniotic

b) A spore

c) Deuterostomic

d) Heterokaryotic

e) None of these answers.

Explanation / Answer

Answer1= A

Dependent embryo is defined as retained zygote surrounded by tissues of gametophyte.

It is seen in all plant cells except charophyte algae.

Answer2= B

Evolutionary trends in animals is=

Increase in cephalization and intelligence( humans are most intelligent and most evolved on earth)

Increase specialisation of organs for examole fishes less evolved used gills both for transfer of gases( respiration)

And waste products excretion ( excretion) but in humans two different system are evolved for each function ( lungs for respiration, kidney for excretion)

As organism evolved it shifts from asymmetry to bilaterlly symmetrical(humans)

Answer3=A

Endosymbiosis theory tells us about the evolution of eukaryotes from prokaryotic cells

Both chloroplasts and mitochondria have their own DNA which is different from nuclear DNA ..it also syntheise proteins just like prokaryotes. So that a theory was give saying different types of prokaryotes incorported amd eventually eukaryotic cell is formed.

Answer4= D

Plasmogamy is defined as fusion of cytoplasm.of two.gametes or two vegetative cells leading to formation of single. Cell with two haploid nucleus.

Karyogamy is defined as fusion of these two nucleo leading to formation of zygote.

Stage betweeon these two contains heterokayon ..i.e a single fungal cell containg two genetically diatant nuclei.

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