5. Histone deactylase inhibitors are used to treat some types of cancer. What is

Question

5. Histone deactylase inhibitors are used to treat some types of cancer. What is your hypothesis about their effect on a cancer cell (10 points)? 7. Chemical uncouplers of the ETC and ATP synthase were once used to promote weight loss. Describe how uncoupling these two processes could cause weight loss (10 points). 8. In the 1860s Louis Pasteur noticed that when he added O2 to a culture of yeast growing anaerobically on glucose, the rate of glucose consumption declined dramatically. Explain the basis for this result, which is known as the Pasteur effect. (10 points)

Explanation / Answer

Ans 1. HDAC inhibitors can help in treating cancer by following ways:

They are cabable of inducing expression of p21 (WAF1) , which is a protein suppresses cell proliferation of protein pRb .This protein is involved in the interaction of HDACs and chromatin thatmay deacetylate histones. HDAC1 on the other hand, by direct interaction with Kruppel-like factor 5 have negative regulation of cardiovascular transcription factor . In this way it may act against tumorogenic cells.

Another hypothesis says that HDAC inhibition can affect tumor cell survival by blocking tumor angiogenesis as well as by inhibiting intracellular stress response pathways. degradation of HIF-1, a pro-angiogenic transcription factor, as a result of hyperacetylation by HDAC inhibitors, also leads to the anticancer property.

7. Uncoupler are involved in the separation of two mechanism that is the flow of electrons and the pumping of H+ ions for ATP synthesis. This results into the fact that energy obtained from electron transfer can no longer be used for ATP synthesis. In this way there will be less ATP and hence metabolism will differ from normal, and hence there will be hinderance in the formation of fats from glucose and people will also fell less hunger as no energy is required in the form of ATP. So there will be overall loss in one's weight.

8. Yeasts are facultative anaerobes. They can grow in presence as well as absence of oxygen.

In aerobic condition the ATP formation is more in presence of oxygen. But during anaerobic fermentation, there is different case.

Mechanism: Under anaerobic conditions, there is a higher rate of utilisation of glucose, but in contrary there is lesser formation of ATP. But when oxygen is introduced in this condition there will be more production of ATP and citrate which are inhibitors of glycolysisbecause ATP and citrate are allosteric inhibitors for phosphofructokinase 1, one of the important enzyme involved at third step of glycolysis. In a consequence there will be inhibition of glycolysis and hence rate of glucose consumption will decrease drastically.

Related Questions

Navigate

• Browse (All)
• Browse 5
• Subjects

---

---

Integrity-first tutoring: explanations and feedback only — we do not complete graded work. Learn more.