Question 9 (1 point) The experiment is over. You counted a large number of sagua

Question

Question 9 (1 point) The experiment is over. You counted a large number of saguaro cacti and sorted them into two categories: 1. Associated with a shading plant. 2. Not associated with a shading plant. You need to determine if the number you observed in each category is significantly different from the number you expected if the because what you observed is unlikely if the null hypothesis is true. You may want to consult the chi-square table on page 272 10 s is the best explanation. What is the minimum x2 value for rejecting the null hypothesis in this situation O 3.84 9.21 O 5.99 O 6.64

Explanation / Answer

Every scientific enquiry starts with observations of various sorts of natural phenomenon. A well-formulated scientific idea related to that phenomenon is called as Hypothesis. This hypothesis can be tested as true or false based upon the data collected during observations. The hypothesis can be Null hypothesis (assuming that there is no relationship between the sets of enquiry) or Alternate Hypothesis ( there is subtle relationship between the sets of enquiry). A Null hypothesis is one of the best way to determine the relationship as by rejecting this hypothesis, we can actually set up an idea for alternate hypothesis, and can determine the relationship between the given sets of phenomenon.

In the given case, our Null hypothesis can be like- Association with shaded plant does not effect the growth of cacti.

To, disprove this hypothesis, the chi-square test is used. It helps us to decide the fate of the hypothesis-true or false, by using some critical values. These critical values depend upon the number of classes of observation. This can be calculated as Degrees of Freedom, which is determined by subtracting one from the number of observation classes. If the calculated Chi-square is less than the tabulated data of critical value for that degree of freedom, the hypothesis can be tested for being true, but if the calculated chi-square is more than the tabulated data of critical value for that degree of freedom, the hypothesis can not be tested to be true.

Here, degree of freedom is (No. of classes-1), (2-1), 1.

The acceptance or rejection of a null hypothesis is determined by its P-value (calculated probability of finding the extreme sets of observation if null hypothesis is true) and the alpha value ( level of significance, which has been set to minimum 0.05). So, if the p value is equal to or less than alpha, the hypothesis can be rejected. so, the minimum chi-square for rejecting the null hypothesis is 3.84

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