(c) In anaerobic metabolism in mammals, pyruvate is oxidized to for use in L wit
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(c) In anaerobic metabolism in mammals, pyruvate is oxidized to for use in L with concomitant regeneration of (d) The storage form of glucose is _in animals and in plants. (e) The pentose phosphate pathway produces as reducing power for biosynthetic reactions. (1) Pyruvate is transported across the outer mitochondrial membrane by a process called (g) The enzyme that catalyzes the commitment step in glycolysis is called molecules linked via (h) Cellulose is a branched homopolysaccharide of glycosidic bonds, and gets its strength from the extensive adjacent monomers and between chains. between (i) is a metabolic cycle with many similarities to the Citric Acid Cycle that occurs in germinating seeds and in some microorganisms. G) Which enzyme participates in the citric acid cycle and in the electron transport chain? (k) A consequence of starvation is reduction in muscle mass because muscle proteins are broken down and their carbon skeletons used to make glucose in a process called _ that occurs primarily in the Short Answer (30 points) 14. Soy sauce is prepared by fermenting a salted mixture of soybeans and wheat with several microorganisms, including yeast, over a period of 8-12 months. The resulting sauce (after solids are removed) is rich in lactate and ethanol. (a) How are these two compounds produced? (6) To prevent the soy sauce from having a strong vinegary taste (vinegar is dilute acetic acid), oxygen must be kept out of the fermentation tank. Why? 15. The concentration of glucose in human blood plasma is maintained around 5 mM. Glucose is administered intravenously as a food source in certain clinical situations. Given that the transformation of glucose to glucose-6-phosphate consumes ATP why not administer intravenous glucose-6-phosphate instead? 16. (a) The citric acid cycle begins with the condensation of acetyl-CoA with oxaloacetate. Describe three possible sources for the acetyl-CoA. (b) Name the three enzymes that catalyze the reactions in the citric acid cycle in which NADH is produced.Explanation / Answer
c.
lactic acid
pyruvate
ATP production.
in the process of anaerobic respiration pyruvate is converted into lactic acid or lactate. this lactic acid is converted back into pyruvic acid when oxygen is available.These puruvate molecules acid is used for formation of acetyl coenzyme a and undergo citric acid cycle.
d.
storage form of glucose in animals - glycogrn
Plants - starch
plants and animals stores their extra glucose into polymeric forms in the body.
e.
riburibulose 5 phosphate
this is produced by oxdative reactions which further go with unoxidative process.
f.
Shuttle system.
Pyruvate is not able to move through the membrane so a kind of shuttle system works for their transport.
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